Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28947072›Full record

ArticleAccident; analysis and prevention2019

Characteristics of Single Vehicle Crashes with a Teen Driver in South Carolina, 2005-2008.

Ruth A Shults, Gwen Bergen, Tracy J Smith, Larry Cook, John Kindelberger, Bethany West

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Accident; analysis and prevention, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ruth A ShultsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia. Electronic address: rshults@cdc.gov.
Gwen BergenCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia. Electronic address: gbergen@cdc.gov.
Tracy J SmithSouth Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, Health and Demographics, Rembert C. Dennis Building, 1000 Assembly Street, Suite 240, SC, 29201, Columbia, USA. Electronic address: tracy.smith@rfa.sc.gov.
Larry CookUniversity of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84158, USA. Electronic address: larry.cook@hsc.utah.edu.
John KindelbergerNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NSA-310, 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE, W53-312, Washington, DC, 20590, USA. Electronic address: john.kindelberger@dot.gov.
Bethany WestCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia. Electronic address: bwest2@cdc.gov.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTeens' crash risk is highest in the first years of independent driving. Circumstances surrounding fatal crashes have been widely documented, but less is known about factors related to nonfatal teen driver crashes. This study describes single vehicle nonfatal crashes involving the youngest teen drivers (15-17 years), compares these crashes to single vehicle nonfatal crashes among adult drivers (35-44 years) and examines factors related to nonfatal injury producing crashes for teen drivers.

methodsPolice crash data linked to hospital inpatient and emergency department data for 2005-2008 from the South Carolina Crash Outcomes Data Evaluation System (CODES) were analyzed. Nonfatal, single vehicle crashes involving passenger vehicles occurring on public roadways for teen (15-17 years) drivers were compared with those for adult (35-44 years) drivers on temporal patterns and crash risk factors per licensed driver and per vehicle miles traveled. Vehicle miles traveled by age group was estimated using data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey. Multivariable log-linear regression analysis was conducted for teen driver crashes to determine which characteristics were related to crashes resulting in a minor/moderate injury or serious injury to at least one vehicle occupant.

resultsCompared with adult drivers, teen drivers in South Carolina had 2.5 times the single vehicle nonfatal crash rate per licensed driver and 11 times the rate per vehicle mile traveled. Teen drivers were nearly twice as likely to be speeding at the time of the crash compared with adult drivers. Teen driver crashes per licensed driver were highest during the afternoon hours of 3:00-5:59 pm and crashes per mile driven were highest during the nighttime hours of 9:00-11:59 pm. In 66% of the teen driver crashes, the driver was the only occupant. Crashes were twice as likely to result in serious injury when teen passengers were present than when the teen driver was alone. When teen drivers crashed while transporting teen passengers, the passengers were >5 times more likely to all be restrained if the teen driver was restrained. Crashes in which the teen driver was unrestrained were 80% more likely to result in minor/moderate injury and 6 times more likely to result in serious injury compared with crashes in which the teen driver was restrained.

conclusionsDespite the reductions in teen driver crashes associated with Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL), South Carolina's teen driver crash rates remain substantially higher than those for adult drivers. Established risk factors for fatal teen driver crashes, including restraint nonuse, transporting teen passengers, and speeding also increase the risk of nonfatal injury in single vehicle crashes. As South Carolina examines strategies to further reduce teen driver crashes and associated injuries, the state could consider updating its GDL passenger restriction to either none or one passenger <21years and dropping the passenger restriction exemption for trips to and from school. Surveillance systems such as CODES that link crash data with health outcome data provide needed information to more fully understand the circumstances and consequences of teen driver nonfatal crashes and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies to improve teen driver safety.

Indexed as

Accidents, TrafficAdolescentAdultAge FactorsAutomobile DrivingFemaleHumansInjury Severity ScoreLicensureMaleRegression AnalysisRisk FactorsSouth CarolinaWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultCODESGraduated driver licensingMotor vehicle crashesSeat belt useSpeedingTeen driving

Identifiers

PMID28947072
PMCPMC5862731

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.