ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2018
Abnormal levels of vascular endothelial biomarkers in schizophrenia.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered Vascular and Angiogenic Transcripts in the Neurogenic Niche in Neuroinflammatory-Type Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of interactions between brain aging and late-onset psychoses using heuristic mapping models.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in Sudden Death Among Schizophrenia Inpatients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Potential Role of Transferrin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Differential Diagnosis Among Patients with Tauopathic Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular Evidence for Altered Angiogenesis in Neuroinflammation-Associated Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Implicate an Abnormal Midbrain Blood-Brain Barrier.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Schizophrenia: Insights, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 and E-Selectin as Potential Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Review
- Review
- Executive functioning trajectories and their prospective association with inflammatory biomarkers in schizophrenia and non-psychiatric comparison participants.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Antipsychotic Therapy: Unraveling the Thrombosis Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Potential role between inflammatory cytokines and Tie-2 receptor levels and clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Vascular Schizophrenia-like Psychosis in Older Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Vascular-related biomarkers in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Subtypes of Clinical High Risk Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Review
- Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Correlation of BDNF, VEGF, TNF-α, and S100B with cognitive impairments in chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2022Article
- Associations between inflammatory marker profiles and neurocognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric comparison subjects.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to increased vascular risk and rates of cardiovascular disease. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) have been related to aging and neurodegeneration, but their role in schizophrenia remains uncertain. Using a cross-sectional, case-control design, this study included 99 outpatients with schizophrenia and 99 healthy comparison subjects (HCs). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and plasma levels of VEGF, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were assayed. A "vascular endothelial index" (VEI) was computed using logistic regression to create a composite measure that maximally differed between groups. General linear models were conducted to examine the possible role of demographic, physical, and lifestyle factors. A linear combination of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels best distinguished the groups, with significantly higher levels of this composite VEI in persons with schizophrenia than HCs. Group differences in the VEI persisted after adjustment for BMI and cigarette smoking. Neither age nor gender was significantly related to the VEI. Schizophrenia patients with higher VEI had earlier age of disease onset, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher insulin resistance, lower levels of mental well-being, and higher Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk scores. Schizophrenia is characterized by an elevation of vascular endothelial biomarkers, specifically cell adhesion molecules poised at the intersection between inflammatory response and vascular risk. Interventions aimed at reducing vascular risk may help reduce vascular endothelial abnormalities and prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia.
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