ArticleNeuroradiology2018
Loco-regional extensions of central nervous system germ cell tumors: a retrospective radiological analysis of 100 patients.
Article in Neuroradiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine learning based on radiomics for discriminating sellar region langerhans cell histiocytosis from germ cell tumors.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Application of machine learning based on radiomics in the discrimination of intracranial germ cell tumours.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Leptomeningeal dissemination in pediatric brain tumors.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Pineal Germinoma: From Eye to Brain.Eye and brain · 2023Review
- EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Primary cavernous sinus germinoma with atypical extension pattern: a case report and review of the literature.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2019Review
- Necessity for craniospinal irradiation of germinoma with positive cytology without spinal lesion on MR imaging-A controversy.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe current staging system of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCT) includes a binary classification in "localized" or "metastatic" disease based on the absence or presence of leptomeningeal dissemination. Loco-regional tumor dissemination has been barely described whereas its accurate definition might be useful in terms of prognosis and treatment, especially for radiation therapy planning. Our purpose was therefore to describe MR patterns and prevalence of loco-regional extensions of these tumors.
methodsOne hundred consecutive patients (median age 16.3 years, range 7-41 years, sex ratio 7:1) with a histologically or biologically proven CNS GCT were retrospectively included. Brain and spinal MRI at diagnosis were reviewed by two neuroradiologists focusing on MR patterns of primaries and loco-regional extensions. When available, follow-up MR exams were analyzed.
resultsPure germinoma represented 84/100 cases. Primaries were unifocal pineal (n = 49/100), bifocal pineal and supra-sellar (n = 27/100), isolated supra-sellar (n = 21/100), isolated basal ganglia (n = 2/100) or trifocal pineal, supra-sellar, and basal ganglia (n = 1/100). Metastatic disease occurred in 6/100 patients (depicted by MRI in two and CSF cytology in four). Loco-regional extensions were observed in all patients and classified as follows: third ventricle (n = 88/100), thalamus (n = 47/100), midbrain (n = 42/100), distant sub-ependymal areas (n = 19/100), optic pathways (n = 19/100), lateral ventricles (n = 7/100), cavernous sinus (n = 6/100), corpus callosum (n = 4/100), and fourth ventricle (n = 3/100).
conclusionCNS GCT present with specific loco-regional extensions at diagnosis. Improving their recognition will be helpful to further understand their prognostic value and potentially to optimize the treatment.
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