Observational studyBMJ open2017
Usage of purchased self-tests for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: results of population-based and serial cross-sectional studies among the general population and sexual risk groups.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding syphilis test uptake using rapid dual self-testing for syphilis and HIV among men who have sex with men in China: A multiarm randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of the service quality and diagnostic performance of syphilis self-test kits purchased from E-commerce platforms in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Self-sampling and self-testing for HIV at a commercial and community-based test provider in the Netherlands: user preferences and usability.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- Syphilis self-testing to expand test uptake among men who have sex with men: a theoretically informed mixed methods study in Zimbabwe.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Article
- Syphilis Self-Testing Among Female Sex Workers in China: Implications for Expanding Syphilis Screening.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Law, human rights and gender in practice: an analysis of lessons from implementation of self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2021Article
- Correlates of HIV self-testing among female sex workers in China: implications for expanding HIV screening.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2020Article
- Promoting routine syphilis screening among men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of syphilis self-testing and lottery incentive.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Syphilis Self-testing: A Nationwide Pragmatic Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Disparities in access to and use of HIV-related health services in the Netherlands by migrant status and sexual orientation: a cross-sectional study among people recently diagnosed with HIV infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- HIV Self-Testing Knowledge and Attitudes at Sports-based HIV Prevention Tournaments in Nairobi, Kenya.Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services · 2019Article
- Expanding syphilis testing: a scoping review of syphilis testing interventions among key populations.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2018Article
- Use of At-Home Medical Tests Among Older US Adults: A Nationally Representative Survey.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThere are limited data on the usage of commercially bought self-tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, we studied HIV/STI self-test usage and its determinants among the general population and sexual risk groups between 2007 and 2015 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
settingData were collected in four different studies among the general population (S1
participantsS1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of HIV/STI self-test usage and its determinants.
resultsThe prevalence of HIV/STI self-test usage in the preceding 6-12 months varied between 1% and 2% across studies. Chlamydia self-tests were most commonly used, except among MSM in S3. Chlamydia and syphilis self-test usage increased over time among the representative sample of Amsterdam residents (S1) and chlamydia self-test usage increased over time among STI clinic clients (S4). Self-test usage was associated with African Surinamese or Ghanaian ethnic origin (S2), being woman or MSM (S1 and 4) and having had a higher number of sexual partners (S1-2). Among those in the general population who tested for HIV/STI in the preceding 12 months, 5-9% used a self-test.
conclusionsDespite low HIV/STI self-test usage, we observed increases over time in chlamydia and syphilis self-test usage. Furthermore, self-test usage was higher among high-risk individuals in the general population. It is important to continue monitoring self-test usage and informing the public about the unknown quality of available self-tests in the Netherlands and about the pros and cons of self-testing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.