ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04189133 (Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Human Recombinant Luteinising Hormone in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadal Men), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Human Recombinant Luteinising Hormone in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadal Men
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational interdisciplinary research on human chorionic gonadotropin's enhancement of neuroendocrine crosstalk: a novel medical hypothesis for systemic adjunctive treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of intrauterine hCG perfusion efficacy in recurrent implantation failure as defined by ESHRE guidelines.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Periconceptional biomarkers for maternal obesity: a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of SerumComputational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Investigating the Optimal Time for Intrauterine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Infusion in Order to Improve IVF Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Low-Level Cerebrospinal Fluid β-hCG Elevation in Patients with Pineal Parenchymal Tumors: A Four-Case Series and Diagnostic Caution.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Thyroid Hormone Levels and Its Co-relation With Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Patients With Molar Pregnancy.Cureus · 2026Article
- Immunological Role of Intrauterine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Infertile Women Undergoing ICSI.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2026Article
- Serum β-hCG Combined with Traditional Tumor Markers Improves Detection Efficacy and Prognostic Prediction in Cholangiocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Multi-omic profiling of early pregnancy small and large plasma extracellular vesicles reveals placental, metabolic, and structural adaptation signatures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The dual face of human chorionic gonadotropin in the CNS: neuroprotection, signaling, and possible pathological effects.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Review
- Vitamin B6 in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: metabolism, mechanisms, and clinical implications-a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Dynamic Changes of Ovarian Masses During Pregnancy and the Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes.Nursing research and practice · 2026Article
- Embryo-maternal cross-talk: key players in successful implantation and live birth rates.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Article
- Differential susceptibility of human placental trophoblasts to Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Control of Golgi- V-ATPase through Sac1-dependent co-regulation of PI(4)P and cholesterol.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bayesian inference for nonlinear mixed-effects location scale and interval-censoring cure-survival models: An application to pregnancy miscarriage.Statistical methods in medical research · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced primarily by differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, and represents a key embryonic signal that is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. hCG can activate various signaling cascades including mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or protein kinase A (PKA) in several cells types by binding to luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) or potentially by direct/indirect interaction with transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR). The molecule displays specialized roles in promoting angiogenesis in the uterine endothelium, maintaining myometrial quiescence, as well as fostering immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The α-subunit of hCG displays homologies with TSH, LH, and FSH, whereas the β subunit is 80-85% homologous to LH. The hCG molecule is produced by a variety of organs, exists in various forms, exerts vital biological functions, and has various clinical roles ranging from diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders to cancer surveillance. This review presents a detailed examination of hCG and its various clinical applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.