ArticlePain2018
Chronic pain in families: a cross-sectional study of shared social, behavioural, and environmental influences.
Article in Pain, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Family History of Chronic Pain: What Impact Does It Have on Current Clinical Status? Results From an Italian Study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of chronic pain on the families of U.S. adults.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Patient-Reported Characteristics and Care-Seeking among Canadian Adults with Chronic Pain: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
- Pain, Stress and Mental Well-Being Over Three Generations.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Long-term back pain recall in Generation XXI adolescents: the role of sensitivity and pain history.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Chronic pain in individuals who have visual impairments: a protocol for an international survey study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Social Determinants and Consequences of Pain: Toward Multilevel, Intersectional, and Life Course Perspectives.The journal of pain · 2024Review
- Family strain, but not family support, is linked to worse pain interference among midlife adults reporting new chronic pain.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2023Article
- Talking about chronic pain in family settings: a glimpse of older persons' everyday realities.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing acute to chronic postsurgical pain transitions in pediatrics: Preclinical to clinical evidence.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2022Review
- Pain and health-related quality of life in adolescents and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study including adolescents and parents.BMC psychology · 2021Article
- Contextual risk among adolescents receiving opioid prescriptions for acute pain in pediatric ambulatory care settings.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Next-generation DNA methylation sequencing: loci and regions differentially methylated in adolescents with chronic postsurgical pain.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain is common and creates a significant burden to the individual and society. Emerging research has shown the influence of the family environment on pain outcomes. However, it is not clear what shared factors between family members associate with chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate the family-level contribution to an individual's chronic pain status. This was a cross-sectional study using the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study data set. This study focused on a nested cohort of dyads (only 2 relatives per family, n = 2714). Multi-level modelling was first performed to estimate the extent of variance in chronic pain at the family level. Then each member of the dyad was randomly assigned as either the exposure or outcome family member, and logistic regression was used to identify shared factors associated with the outcome of chronic pain status. Multi-level modelling showed just under 10% of variation in chronic pain status was at a family level. There was an increase in odds of chronic pain if exposure family member had chronic pain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.65), if both were women (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.99-1.94), if both were older in age (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.48), and if both had low household income (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.72-6.21). These findings show that most explanation for chronic pain is still at the individual level. However, some significant shared effects between family members associate with chronic pain, and this highlights the influence of the family context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.