ArticlePathogens & immunity2017
Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) Exhibits Potent, Rapid Activity Against Influenza Viruses
Article in Pathogens & immunity, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04723446 (Efficacy of Three Antimicrobial Mouthwashes in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva of Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Three Antimicrobial Mouthwashes in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva of Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Pilot Study
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of mouthwashes on reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oral cavity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare providers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of regular gargling with a cetylpyridinium chloride plus zinc containing mouthwash can reduce upper respiratory symptoms.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of three antimicrobial mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva of hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled pilot study.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore.Infection · 2021Trial
- Enhanced virucidal activity of quaternary ammonium compound-thymol combinations: influence of mucin and mucoadhesive polymers.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Effect of Cationic Surfactants on the Molecular Organization of the Simplified Model Lipid Envelope of SARS-CoV-2 Virus─Insights from the Langmuir Monolayer and Liposome Studies.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Influenza in Acute-Care Hospitals: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Repurposing antibacterial drugs identifies ridinilazole and CRS3123 as promising candidates against vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Expert Opinion: A Call for Early and Appropriate Symptomatic Treatment in Acute Respiratory Infections to Prevent Escalation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Injectable and Conductive Polyurethane Gel with Load-Responsive Antibiosis for Sustained Root Canal Disinfection.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparing In Vitro Virucidal Efficacy of Commercially Available Mouthwashes Against Native High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- In Vitro Development of Local Antiviral Formulations with Potent Virucidal Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- In vitro antimicrobial activity of an oral spray combining 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride and 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride.Drugs in context · 2025Article
- Bactericidal and virucidal action of cetylpyridinium chloride and benzocaine lozenges against common oropharyngeal pathogens.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride causes functional inhibition of mitochondria as potently as canonical mitotoxicants, nanostructural disruption of mitochondria, and mitochondrial CaFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- VesiX cetylpyridinium chloride is rapidly bactericidal and reduces uropathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and antivirulence activity of cetylpyridinium chloride.PloS one · 2024Article
- Cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine show antiviral activity against Influenza A virus and Respiratory Syncytial virus in vitro.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a continued need for strategies to prevent influenza. While cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has an extensive antimicrobial spectrum, its ability to affect respiratory viruses has not been studied in detail.
objectivesHere, we evaluate the ability of CPC to disrupt influenza viruses
methodsThe virucidal activity of CPC was evaluated against susceptible and oseltamivir-resistant strains of influenza viruses. The effective virucidal concentration (EC) of CPC was determined using a hemagglutination assay and tissue culture infective dose assay. The effect of CPC on viral envelope morphology and ultrastructure was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ability of influenza virus to develop resistance was evaluated after multiple passaging in sub-inhibitory concentrations of CPC. Finally, the efficacy of CPC in formulation to prevent and treat influenza infection was evaluated using the PR8 murine influenza model.
resultsThe virucidal effect of CPC occurred within 10 minutes, with mean EC
conclusionsThe antimicrobial agent CPC possesses virucidal activity against susceptible and resistant strains of influenza virus by targeting and disrupting the viral envelope. Substantial virucidal activity is seen even at very low concentrations of CPC without development of resistance. Moreover, CPC in formulation reduces influenza-associated mortality and morbidity
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