ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2017
Determinants of infant and young child feeding practices by mothers in two rural districts of Sindh, Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring factors influencing complementary feeding practices in Asia from parents' and caregivers' perspectives: A qualitative systematic review.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of behavioural change communication through women development army on optimal complementary feeding practice among children aged 6-23 months in Southwest Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- From Delivery to First Feed: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Associated With Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Noakhali, Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Paternal Engagement in Infant and Young Child Feeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Extent and Associated Factors.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Review
- Infant and young child feeding in rural Bangladesh: insights into knowledge, practices, and associated factors.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among Children in the Tahtay Maichew District, Northern Ethiopia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Consumption of iron rich foods and its associated factors among South Asian children aged 6-23 months using multilevel analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic Correlates of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices among Antenatal Women in Bhopal: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Comparison of infant and young child feeding practices and demographic characteristics between healthy and malnourished children aged 0-23 months in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of infant and young child feeding practices and associated factors among less than two years' children in Leka Dullecha District, East Wollega, Ethiopia.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Complementary Feeding for Children Aged 6-24 Months: Impact and Maternal Awareness in Al Baha City, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- The factors influencing inappropriate child feeding practices among families receiving nutrition allowance in the Himalayan region of Nepal.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding in rural Pakistan: a qualitative exploratory study.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices during the first two years of life are important for the growth and development of a child. The aim of this study was to assess IYCF practices and its associated factors in two rural districts of Pakistan.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural districts of Sindh province, Pakistan as part of a stunting prevention project between May and August 2014. A standard questionnaire on IYCF practices recommended by World Health Organization was used to collect information from 2013 mothers who had a child aged between 0 and 23 months.
resultsOnly 49% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Thirty-seven percent of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for six months. Seventy-percent mothers introduced complementary feeding at 6-8 months of age. Eighty-two percent of mothers continued breastfeeding for at least one year and 75% for at least two years of age. IYCF practices were not significantly different for boys and girls in the study area. Being an employed mother (AOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.02, 4.51) was positively associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Children who were born at a health facility (AOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.50, 0.84) and were aged six to eleven months (AOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54, 0.90) were less likely to be have an early initiation of breastfeeding. Mothers aged 25 to 29 years (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.05, 3.18), being literate (AOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.15, 2.78), and higher income (AOR 10.6; 95% CI 4.40, 25.30) were more likely to have an improved dietary diversity. Being an employed mother (AOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.77, 4.03) and higher income were more likely to have minimum acceptable diet (AOR 9.7; 95% CI 4.33, 21.71).
conclusionIYCF practices were below the acceptable level and associated with maternal age, maternal illiteracy, unemployment, and poor household wealth status. Emphasis should be given to improve maternal literacy and reduction in poverty to improve IYCF practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.