Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28935712›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2017

Macrophages are required to coordinate mouse digit tip regeneration.

Jennifer Simkin, Mimi C Sammarco, Luis Marrero, Lindsay A Dawson, Mingquan Yan, Catherine Tucker, Alex Cammack, Ken Muneoka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Signal control during tissue regeneration in adult animals.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Macrophages orchestrate tail regeneration in lizardsFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Sugar Functionalized Collagen Material for Local Modulation of Innate Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jennifer SimkinDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Mimi C SammarcoDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Luis MarreroMorphology and Imaging Core Laboratory, Louisiana Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Lindsay A DawsonDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Mingquan YanDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Catherine TuckerDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Alex CammackDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Ken MuneokaDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA kmuneoka@cvm.tamu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7520-6869

Funding

Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Peter Todd Katzmarzyk · 2012 to 2026
$69.1M
The role of oxygen in blastema formation and skeletal regenerationF32HD071763 · NICHD · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI SAMMARCO, MIMI C · 2012 to 2015
$189k
NICHD NIH HHS F32 HD071763NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In mammals, macrophages are known to play a major role in tissue regeneration. They contribute to inflammation, histolysis, re-epithelialization, revascularization and cell proliferation. Macrophages have been shown to be essential for regeneration in salamanders and fish, but their role has not been elucidated in mammalian epimorphic regeneration. Here, using the regenerating mouse digit tip as a mammalian model, we demonstrate that macrophages are essential for the regeneration process. Using cell-depletion strategies, we show that regeneration is completely inhibited; bone histolysis does not occur, wound re-epithelialization is inhibited and the blastema does not form. Although rescue of epidermal wound closure in the absence of macrophages promotes blastema accumulation, it does not rescue cell differentiation, indicating that macrophages play a key role in the redifferentiation of the blastema. We provide additional evidence that although bone degradation is a component, it is not essential to the overall regenerative process. These findings show that macrophages play an essential role in coordinating the epimorphic regenerative response in mammals.

Indexed as

Amputation, SurgicalAnimalsBone ResorptionCell CountClodronic AcidEpidermisExtremitiesFemaleLiposomesMacrophagesMiceNeutrophilsOrgan SpecificityOsteoclastsRegenerationClodronic AcidLiposomesBlastemaEpimorphicMacrophageMammalOsteoclastsRegeneration

Identifiers

PMID28935712
PMCPMC5702070

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.