ReviewPLoS pathogens2017
Bacterial toxins: Offensive, defensive, or something else altogether?
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Short-term clinical outcomes of nasoduodenal tube versus feeding jejunostomy after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study with exploratory microbiome analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Within-host competition causes pathogen molecular evolution and perpetual microbiota dysbiosis.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- First report and genomic characterization of Escherichia coli O111:H12 serotype from raw mussels in Türkiye.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- The Comparative Characterization of a HypervirulentInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Possibilities of an Electronic Nose on Piezoelectric Sensors with Polycomposite Coatings to Investigate the Microbiological Indicators of Milk.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Defined microbial communities and their soluble products protect mice from Clostridioides difficile infection.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Periodontitis: etiology, conventional treatments, and emerging bacteriophage and predatory bacteria therapies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Characterizing a Silver Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Shiga Toxin Detection.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Article
- Design Strategies for Cellular Nanosponges as Medical Countermeasures.BME frontiers · 2023Review
- Advances in novel therapeutic approaches for periodontal diseases.BMC oral health · 2022Review
- Diagnostic MALDI-TOF MS can differentiate between high and low toxicMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Lipid larceny: channelizing host lipids for establishing successful pathogenesis by bacteria.Virulence · 2021Review
- Nano-fats for bugs: the benefits of lipid nanoparticles for antimicrobial therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Host microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The secretion of proteins that damage host tissue is well established as integral to the infectious processes of many bacterial pathogens. However, recent advances in our understanding of the activity of toxins suggest that the attributes we have assigned to them from early in vitro experimentation have misled us into thinking of them as merely destructive tools. Here, we will discuss the multifarious ways in which toxins contribute to the lifestyle of bacteria and, by considering their activity from an evolutionary perspective, demonstrate how this extends far beyond their ability to destroy host tissue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.