ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2017
Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmetabolized Folic Acid: Biology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Consequences: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An updated systematic review on the maternal exposure to environmental pesticides and involved mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) progression risk in children.Reviews on environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Maternal Exposure to Pesticides and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: A Meta-analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal Folic Acid Supplements and Offspring's Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2020Pooled it
- Micronutrients as Mitigators of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Health Effects: A Scoping Review and Framework for Epidemiologic Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2026Article
- Sex and tissue resolved co-expression networks reveal a female placental-brain axis protective against prenatal PCB exposure.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Maternal environmental exposure and early-life health risks: The modulating role of nutritional status-A scoping review.iScience · 2026Review
- Early-Life Exposures, Neurodevelopment, and Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Birth Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Article
- Transgenerational Effects and Heritability of Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between gestational environmental chemical mixtures and folate exposures with autistic behaviors in a Canadian birth cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Gestational Chlorpyrifos Exposure Imparts Lasting Alterations to the Rat Somatosensory Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Excess prenatal folic acid supplementation alters cortical DNA methylation and gene expression networks.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Folate prevents the autism-related phenotype caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure in prairie voles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Protect and Serve-The Potential Role of Folate in Lead Risk Reduction.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Combined Exposure to Folate and Lead during Pregnancy and Autistic-Like Behaviors among Canadian Children from the MIREC Pregnancy and Birth Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal folic acid (FA) protects against developmental toxicity from certain environmental chemicals.
objectiveWe examined combined exposures to maternal FA and pesticides in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
methodsParticipants were California children born from 2000-2007 who were enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) case-control study at age 2-5 y, were clinically confirmed to have ASD (n=296) or typical development (n=220), and had information on maternal supplemental FA and pesticide exposures. Maternal supplemental FA and household pesticide product use were retrospectively collected in telephone interviews from 2003-2011. High vs. low daily FA intake was dichotomized at 800μg (median). Mothers' addresses were linked to a statewide database of commercial applications to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure.
resultsHigh FA intake (≥800μg) during the first pregnancy month and no known pesticide exposure was the reference group for all analyses. Compared with this group, ASD was increased in association with <800μg FA and any indoor pesticide exposure {adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 4.7]} compared with low FA [OR=1.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.2)] or indoor pesticides [OR=1.7 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.8)] alone. ORs for the combination of low FA and regular pregnancy exposure (≥6 mo) to pet pesticides or to outdoor sprays and foggers were 3.9 (95% CI: 1.4, 11.5) and 4.1 (95% CI: 1.7, 10.1), respectively. ORs for low maternal FA and agricultural pesticide exposure 3 mo before or after conception were 2.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 6.5) for chlorpyrifos, 2.3 (95% CI: 0.98, 5.3) for organophosphates, 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.8) for pyrethroids, and 1.5 (95% CI: 0.5, 4.8) for carbamates. Except for carbamates, these ORs were approximately two times greater than those for either exposure alone or for the expected ORs for combined exposures under multiplicative or additive models.
conclusionsIn this study population, associations between pesticide exposures and ASD were attenuated among those with high versus low FA intake during the first month of pregnancy. Confirmatory and mechanistic studies are needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP604.
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