ArticleJCI insight2017
Combination immunotherapy with TLR agonists and checkpoint inhibitors suppresses head and neck cancer.
Article in JCI insight, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 281 citations in OpenAlex.
- From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2024Trial
- Intralesional SD-101 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Anti-PD-1 Treatment-Naïve Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Multicenter, Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- An Open-Label Study of Subcutaneous CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide (PF03512676) in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- CAR T Cells Targeting O-Glycosylated Fibronectin Exhibit Potent Cytolytic Activity and Combine with Tumoral Toll-Like Receptor Agonism to Overcome Tumor Resistance.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Dynamics changes of spleen volume predict survival outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with tislelizumab plus lenvatinib.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Green Tea Catechin Metabolite 5‑(3',5'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade by Priming Type‑1 Immunity.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Targeting macrophage-driven NK cell immunosuppression to improve cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Drug resistance to antibody-drug conjugates: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Ostreae Testa enhances anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells via antigen-presenting cell stimulation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of radioresistance: decoding macrophage-driven radioprotective niches through temporal-spatial reprogramming.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Negative regulators antagonizing antitumor innate immune pathways in lung cancer immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reshape the Immuno-Mechanical Landscape: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting innate immunity to overcome immune evasion in HPV-associated cancers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Astragalus polysaccharide antagonized anti PD-1 efficacy in melanoma through inhibiting JAK-STAT1/CIITA and TLR/NF-κB signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Management of In-transit Disease: Regional Therapies, Intralesional Therapies, and Systemic Therapy.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Emerging therapeutics targeting tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of solid organ cancers.Expert opinion on emerging drugs · 2025Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- GDP-bound Rab37 modulates M2-like tumor-associated macrophage polarization by attenuating STAT1 translocation to downregulate the type I IFN pathway.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the majority of patients do not benefit from these agents. To improve the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, intratumoral (i.t.) injection with innate immune activators, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, were tested along with programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) blockade. The combination therapy suppressed tumor growth at the primary injected and distant sites in human papillomavirus-negative (HPV-negative) SCC7 and MOC1, and HPV-positive MEER syngeneic mouse models. Abscopal effects and suppression of secondary challenged tumor suggest that local treatment with TLR agonists in combination with anti-PD-1 provided systemic adaptive immunity. I.t. treatment with a TLR7 agonist increased the ratio of M1 to M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promoted the infiltration of tumor-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells. Anti-PD-1 treatment increased T cell receptor (TCR) clonality of CD8+ T cells in tumors and spleens of treated mice. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that combination therapy with i.t. delivery of TLR agonists and PD-1 blockade activates TAMs and induces tumor-specific adaptive immune responses, leading to suppression of primary tumor growth and prevention of metastasis in HNSCC models.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.