ReviewBMC infectious diseases2017
Acute HIV infection presenting as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: case report and review of the literature.
Review in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in people living with HIV-a single centre experience.Infection · 2025Article
- The Predictive Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase for Viral Suppression in Newly Diagnosed People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Cytokine Storm Syndrome as a Manifestation of Primary HIV Infection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.Cureus · 2023Article
- A More Comprehensive Clinical and Laboratory Characterization of 61 Acute HIV Infection Patients in Southwest China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Review
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following an acute HIV infection, in a known immunosuppressed patient: A case report.IDCases · 2022Article
- Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Five years' experience at tertiary hospitals in Free State Province, South Africa.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2020Article
- Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.IDCases · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis-Associated HLH in an 8-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of T Cells in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2019Article
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in HIV patients: a comprehensive review.BMJ case reports · 2019Article
- Disseminated CMV infection and HLH in a patient with well-controlled HIV and ulcerative colitis.BMJ case reports · 2019Article
- Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: to treat or not to treat.The Pan African medical journal · 2019Article
- A Rare Case of HHV-8 Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Stable HIV Patient.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection - a case report.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologieArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon systemic inflammatory condition that can result from infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. It is a rarely reported life threatening complication of an acute HIV infection, with only ten documented case reports per our literature search. We present a case of HLH secondary to acute HIV infection with a negative HIV antibody-based assay and high plasma viral load. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45 year old male with a past medical history of well controlled hypertension presented with fever, dizziness and non-bloody diarrhea. Initial lab work revealed a new thrombocytopenia, marked renal failure and an elevated creatine kinase, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer. A bone marrow biopsy revealed HLH. As part of the work up for thrombocytopenia, a rapid HIV antibody based assay was done and was negative. The sample was later routinely tested with a fourth generation antigen/antibody assay as per local protocol and was strongly positive. The plasma RNA viral load was >10,000,000 copies /mL confirming the diagnosis of an acute HIV infection. The patient was urgently started on antiretroviral therapy and recovered.
conclusionThis case illustrates a diagnostic approach to HLH which is an uncommon but life threatening multisystem disease, requiring the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of experts. Following any diagnosis of HLH, rapid identification and treatment of the underlying condition is critical. A negative rapid HIV antibody test can be misleading in the context of early HIV infection and the additional use of fourth generation antigen/antibody test or plasma RNA viral load may be required within the right clinical context for diagnosis.
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