ArticleBMC psychiatry2017
Depression differed by midnight cortisol secretion, alexithymia and anxiety between diabetes types: a cross sectional comparison.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Individual differences in glucocorticoid regulation: Does it relate to disease risk and resilience?Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Alexithymia and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Salivary cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Lower HDL-cholesterol, a known marker of cardiovascular risk, was associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2019Trial
- Psychoeducation against depression, anxiety, alexithymia and fibromyalgia: a pilot study in primary care for patients on sick leave.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2018Trial
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- New Metabolic, Digestive, and Oxidative Stress-Related Manifestations Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Midnight salivary cortisol secretion and the use of antidepressants were associated with abdominal obesity in women with type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2019Article
- Soluble CD163 was linked to galectin-3, diabetic retinopathy and antidepressants in type 1 diabetes.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Depression in type 1 diabetes was associated with high levels of circulating galectin-3.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Psychometric Properties of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in the Chilean Population.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreased prevalence of depression is found in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melancholia and atypical depression differ by cortisol secretion and clinical features. The aim was to compare the clinical presentation of T1D and T2D patients in relation to self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, alexithymia, obesity, and midnight salivary cortisol (MSC).
methodsComparative cross-sectional design. The participants were consecutively recruited from one hospital diabetes outpatient clinic: 24 T2D patients (31-59 years) and 148 T1D patients (32-59 years). Self-reported depression, anxiety and alexithymia were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. MSC, HbA1c, anthropometrics and data from medical records were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.
resultsComparisons of prevalence between diabetes types showed for T2D/T1D: depression 25%/12% (P = 0.10); high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) 38%/22% (P = 0.13); alexithymia 25%/13% (P = 0.12); anxiety 38%/35% (P = 0.82). The prevalence of high MSC did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (17% vs. 44%, P = 0.35), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (53% vs. 18%, P = 0.003). The alexithymia prevalence differed between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs.11%, P = 0.018), and between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (47% vs. 11%, P < 0.001). The anxiety prevalence did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs. 28%, P = 0.15), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (76% vs. 30%, P < 0.001). The obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m
conclusionsThe depressed T2D patients had traits of atypical depression, without associated high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) and anxiety, but the association with alexithymia was strong. The depressed T1D patients had traits of melancholia with associated high MSC and anxiety. The obesity prevalence was high in depressed T2D patients and low in depressed T1D patients.
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