Observational studyThe Journal of infectious diseases2017
Influenza-like Illness Incidence Is Not Reduced by Influenza Vaccination in a Cohort of Older Adults, Despite Effectively Reducing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Virus Infections.
Observational study in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcomes and home-based self-swabs for influenza-like illness events - lessons learned from the 2023/2024 DANFLU-2 Homeswab PRO substudy.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Trial
- Multiple vaccine comparison in the same adults reveals vaccine-specific and age-related humoral response patterns: an open phase IV trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- World Health Organization Influenza-Like Illness Underestimates the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine-specific CD4NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Short-term and long-term risk of death and readmission among adults aged 50+ years admitted with severe acute respiratory infections due to COVID-19, influenza or RSV in Denmark, 2022-2025.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Burden of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Disease in Older and High-Risk Adults in Developed Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Influence of perceived influenza-like symptoms on intention to receive seasonal influenza vaccination.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Serological Profiling of Pneumococcal Proteins Reveals Unique Patterns of Acquisition, Maintenance, and Waning of Antibodies Throughout Life.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Influenza in Adults Seeking Care at Seven European Emergency Departments: A Prospective Active Surveillance During the 2019-2020 Influenza Season.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Prevalence of human respiratory pathogens and associated mucosal cytokine levels in young children and adults: a cross-sectional observational study in the Netherlands during the winter of 2012/2013.Pathogens and disease · 2024Observational
- Difference in respiratory syncytial virus-specific Fc-mediated antibody effector functions between children and adults.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- Frailty is related to serum inflammageing markers: results from the VITAL study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- High Levels of Detection of Nonpneumococcal Species of Streptococcus in Saliva from Adults in the United States.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: Limitations of Current Data.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Identification of aging-associated immunotypes and immune stability as indicators of post-vaccination immune activation.Aging cell · 2022Article
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- System Complexity in Influenza Infection and Vaccination: Effects upon Excess Winter Mortality.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Data on the relative contribution of influenza virus and other respiratory pathogens to respiratory infections in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) are needed. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in the Netherlands during 2 winters. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected during influenza-like illness (ILI) episodes and from controls. Viruses and bacteria were identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay and conventional bacterial culture. Results: The ILI incidence in the consecutive seasons was 7.2% and 11.6%, and influenza virus caused 18.9% and 34.2% of ILI episodes. Potential pathogen were detected in 80% of the ILI events with influenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, and Haemophilus influenzae being the most common. Influenza vaccination reduced influenza virus infection by 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26%-90%) and 51% (95% CI, 7%-74%) in ILI patients. However, ILI incidence was similar between vaccinated (7.6% and 10.8%) and nonvaccinated (4.2% and 11.4%) participants in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, respectively (P > .05). Conclusions: Influenza virus is a frequent pathogen in older adults with ILI. Vaccination reduces the number of influenza virus infections but not the overall number of ILI episodes: other pathogens fill the gap. We suggest the existence of a pool of individuals with high susceptibility to respiratory infections. Clinical Trials Registration: NTR3386.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.