Trial reporteNeuro
Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (EBR) Is Uncorrelated with Dopamine D2 Receptor Availability and Unmodulated by Dopamine Agonism in Healthy Adults.
Trial report in eNeuro. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?Journal of sport and health science · 2023Pooled it
- Dopamine and Temporal Discounting: Revisiting Pharmacology and Individual Differences.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Trial
- The catecholamine precursor Tyrosine reduces autonomic arousal and decreases decision thresholds in reinforcement learning and temporal discounting.PLoS computational biology · 2022Trial
- The effects of increasing and decreasing dopamine on inhibition of return: a psychopharmacological investigation.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Emergent blink rate in early childhood is associated with neural origins of executive function.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence analysis of facial movements and satisfaction in online medical lectures: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Dopaminergic processes predict temporal distortions in event memory.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Subtle impairments of facial emotion expressions in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Modulation of reward positivity and blink rate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during and following transcranial direct current stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effects on Flavor-Evoked Electroencephalogram and Eye-Blink Rate.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Critical tests of fuzzy trace theory in brain and behavior: uncertainty across time, probability, and development.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Distinct Situational Cue Processing in Individuals with Kleptomania: A Preliminary Study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Activation of brain arousal networks coincident with eye blinks during resting state.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Effects of DPTQ, a novel positive allosteric modulator of the dopamine D1 receptor, on spontaneous eye blink rate and spatial working memory in the nonhuman primate.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Striatal D1 and D2 receptor availability are selectively associated with eye-blink rates after methylphenidate treatment.Communications biology · 2022Article
- A proxy measure of striatal dopamine predicts individual differences in temporal precision.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Article
- Altered Pain Processing Associated with Administration of Dopamine Agonist and Antagonist in Healthy Volunteers.Brain sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) has been proposed as a noninvasive, inexpensive marker of dopamine functioning. Support for a relation between EBR and dopamine function comes from observations that EBR is altered in populations with dopamine dysfunction and EBR changes under a dopaminergic manipulation. However, the evidence across the literature is inconsistent and incomplete. A direct correlation between EBR and dopamine function has so far been observed only in nonhuman animals. Given significant interest in using EBR as a proxy for dopamine function, this study aimed to verify a direct association in healthy, human adults. Here we measured EBR in healthy human subjects whose dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET)-[18F]fallypride to examine the predictive power of EBR for DRD2 availability. Effects of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on EBR also were examined to determine the responsiveness of EBR to dopaminergic stimulation and, in light of the hypothesized inverted-U profile of dopamine effects, the role of DRD2 availability in EBR responsivity to bromocriptine. Results from 20 subjects (age 33.6 ± 7.6 years, 9F) showed no relation between EBR and DRD2 availability. EBR also was not responsive to dopaminergic stimulation by bromocriptine, and individual differences in DRD2 availability did not modulate EBR responsivity to bromocriptine. Given that EBR is hypothesized to be particularly sensitive to DRD2 function, these findings suggest caution in using EBR as a proxy for dopamine function in healthy humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.