Trial reportScientific reports2017
Towards Addressing the Body Electrolyte Environment via Sweat Analysis:Pilocarpine Iontophoresis Supports Assessment of Plasma Potassium Concentration.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Review
- Reusable 3D-printed microfluidic-on-fabric with modular electrodes for point-of-care NaAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparison of pilocarpine- versus exercise-induced sweat sodium concentration across exercise intensities in trained athletes.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Recent advancements and future prospects on AI-integrated sensing techniques for non-invasive chronic kidney disease diagnosis: a review.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Review
- Body Biofluids for Minimally-Invasive Diagnostics: Insights, Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Clinical Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Mass spectrometry-based analysis of eccrine sweat supports predictive, preventive and personalised medicine in a cohort of breast cancer patients in Austria.The EPMA journal · 2025Article
- Home monitoring of patients with chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Article
- Current Trends in the Development of Electrochemical Biosensor for Detecting Analytes from Sweat.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors: Opportunities for Equitable Personalized Medicine and Global Health Diagnostics.ACS sensors · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional MXene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Sweat Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Wearables in Nephrology: Fanciful Gadgetry or Prêt-à-Porter?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Point-of-care and self-testing for potassium: recent advances.Sensors & diagnostics · 2022Review
- Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones.Mikrochimica acta · 2022Review
- The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Comparative Study of the Composition of Sweat from Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands during Exercise and in Heat.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Wearable health devices and personal area networks: can they improve outcomes in haemodialysis patients?Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electrolyte concentration in sweat depends on environmental context and physical condition but also on the pathophysiological status. Sweat analyzers may be therefore the future way for biological survey although how sweat electrolyte composition can reflect plasma composition remains unclear. We recruited 10 healthy subjects and 6 patients to have a broad range of plasma electrolyte concentrations (chloride, potassium and sodium) and pH. These variables were compared to those found in sweat produced following cycling exercise or pilocarpine iontophoresis, a condition compatible with operating a wearable device. We found no correlation between plasma and sweat parameters when exercise-induced sweat was analyzed, and we could identify a correlation only between plasma and sweat potassium concentration (R = 0.78, p < 0.01) when sweat was induced using pilocarpine iontophoresis. We tested measurement repeatability in sweat at 24hr-interval for 3 days in 4 subjects and found a great intra-individual variability regarding all parameters in exercise-induced sweat whereas similar electrolyte levels were measured in pilocarpine-induced sweat. Thus, electrolyte concentration in sweat sampled following physical activity does not reflect concentration in plasma while pilocarpine iontophoresis appears to be promising to reproducibly address sweat electrolytes, and to make an indirect evaluation of plasma potassium concentration in chronic kidney disease and arrhythmia.
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