Trial reportScientific reports2017
Bilingual Cortical Control of Between- and Within-Language Competition.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying the Impact of Word Characteristics on Vocabulary Development in Typically Developing Bilingual School-Age Children.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of How Language Balance Impacts the Neural Basis of Bilingual Language Control.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Learning Chinese induces altered resting-state functional connectivity relating to orthographic and phonological processing in adult alphabetic language speakers.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- The Neurodevelopmental Dynamics of Multilingual Experience During Childhood: A Longitudinal Behavioral, Structural, and Functional MRI Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Evolution of Science in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Commentary on "The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook".Language learning · 2023Article
- Utterance planning under message uncertainty: evidence from a novel picture-naming paradigm.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sources of Heterogeneity in Functional Connectivity During English Word Processing in Bilingual and Monolingual Children.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Person-specific connectivity mapping uncovers differences of bilingual language experience on brain bases of attention in children.Brain and language · 2022Article
- Attentional orienting abilities in bilinguals: Evidence from a large infant sample.Infant behavior & development · 2022Article
- An analysis of the perception of stop consonants in bilinguals and monolinguals in different phonetic contexts: A range-based language cueing approach.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Article
- How a picture becomes a word: individual differences in the development of language-mediated visual search.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2021Article
- Effect of Picture-Book Reading With Additive Audio on Bilingual Preschoolers' Prefrontal Activation: A Naturalistic Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Bilingual Language Experience Shapes Resting-State Brain Rhythms.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Bilingual effects on lexical selection: A neurodevelopmental perspective.Brain and language · 2019Article
- Consequences of multilingualism for neural architecture.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2019Review
- Effects of Second Language Learning on the Plastic Aging Brain: Functional Connectivity, Cognitive Decline, and Reorganization.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Neural signatures of inhibitory control in bilingual spoken production.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2018Article
- Changes in executive function over time in bilingual and monolingual school-aged children.Developmental psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human capacity to master multiple languages is remarkable and leads to structural and functional changes in the brain. Understanding how the brain accommodates multiple languages simultaneously is crucial to developing a complete picture of our species' linguistic capabilities. To examine the neural mechanisms involved in processing two languages, we looked at cortical activation in Spanish-English bilinguals in response to phonological competition either between two languages or within a language. Participants recognized spoken words in a visual world task while their brains were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results revealed that between-language competition recruited a larger network of frontal control and basal ganglia regions than within-language competition. Bilinguals also recruited more neural resources to manage between-language competition from the dominant language compared to competition from the less dominant language. Additionally, bilinguals' activation of the basal ganglia was inversely correlated with their executive function ability, suggesting that bilinguals compensated for lower levels of cognitive control by recruiting a broader neural network to manage more difficult tasks. These results provide evidence for differences in neural responses to linguistic competition between versus within languages, and demonstrate the brain's remarkable plasticity, where language experience can change neural processing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.