ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
MIF and D-DT are potential disease severity modifiers in male MS subjects.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Gene Modifiers on Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypic Profiles: A Systematic Review.Human mutation · 2024Pooled it
- Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and Its Homologue d-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) Inversely Correlate with Inflammation in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- Immune-Related Gene Variants as Modifiers of Multiple Sclerosis Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transcriptome analysis of the prefrontal cortex identifies inflammatory genes associated with cognitive impairment in a model of multiple sclerosis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Pathogenic role of MIF receptor (CD74) expressing T cells in inflammatory arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Expression and Purification of Recombinant D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (D-DT).Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Exploring physiological roles and comparing health benefits against oncogenic and autoimmune risks (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Properties of Astrocytes: From Development to Evolutionary Insights.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- The multifaced role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor family in organ fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- MIF functional polymorphisms are associated with acute GVHD progression and steroid-refractoriness.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the tumor ecosystem: a tale of inflammation, immune escape, and tumor growth.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Conformational Flexibility of the C-Terminal Region Influences Distal Active Site Residues Across the Tautomerase Superfamily.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in CNS diseases: Functional regulation and potential therapeutic indication.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- MIF contribution to progressive brain diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Impact of theFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor potentiates mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy in a clinically relevant model of allergic asthma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Exploring the Role of CD74 and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase in COVID-19: Insights from Transcriptomic and Serum Analyses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Lesions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Distinct patterns of serum and urine macrophage migration inhibitory factor kinetics predict death in sepsis: a prospective, observational clinical study.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Little is known about mechanisms that drive the development of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), although inflammatory factors, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), and their common receptor CD74 may contribute to disease worsening. Our findings demonstrate elevated MIF and D-DT levels in males with progressive disease compared with relapsing-remitting males (RRMS) and female MS subjects, with increased levels of CD74 in females vs. males with high MS disease severity. Furthermore, increased MIF and D-DT levels in males with progressive disease were significantly correlated with the presence of two high-expression promoter polymorphisms located in the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.