SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2017
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Pulmonary Emphysema: Current Understanding of Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Comparison of cilomilast, tadalafil, and both drug combinations in the treatment of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, induces respiratory frequency plasticity that is resistant to inflammation in neonatal rat in vitro preparations.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2025Article
- Integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to reveal the potential mechanism of hesperetin on COPD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inhibition of the upregulated phosphodiesterase 4D isoforms improves SERCA2a function in diabetic cardiomyopathy.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Article
- High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances the Positive Effect of Pentoxifylline on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers in an Endometriosis Animal Model.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Article
- Differential response to roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: real-world evidence.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Bronchial rheoplasty for chronic bronchitis: 2-year results from a US feasibility study with RheOx.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- cAMP-PDE signaling in COPD: Review of cellular, molecular and clinical features.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Review
- Pharmacological therapy for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Acute Lung Functional and Airway Remodeling Effects of an Inhaled Highly Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor in Ventilated Preterm Lambs Exposed to Chorioamnionitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cough, sputum production or dyspnoea and a reduction in lung function, quality of life and life expectancy. Apart from smoking cessation, there are no other treatments that slow lung function decline. Roflumilast and cilomilast are oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE
objectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral PDE SEARCH
methodsWe identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the Cochrane Airways Trials Register (date of last search October 2016). We found other trials from web-based clinical trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs if they compared oral PDE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One review author extracted data and a second review author checked the data. We reported pooled data in Review Manager as mean differences (MD), standardised mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR). We converted the odds ratios into absolute treatment effects in a 'Summary of findings' table. MAIN
resultsThirty-four separate RCTs studying roflumilast (20 trials with 17,627 participants) or cilomilast (14 trials with 6457 participants) met the inclusion criteria, with a duration of between six weeks and one year. These included people across international study centres with moderate to very severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades II-IV), with a mean age of 64 years.We considered that the methodological quality of the 34 published and unpublished trials was acceptable overall. Treatment with a PDE AUTHORS'
conclusionsIn people with COPD, PDE
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.