SynthesisHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2017
The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years of age in mainland China, 2001-2015: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study evaluating safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Chinese infants and children under 6 years of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Clinical features and factors associated with severe illness in pediatric acute respiratory tract infections due to Escherichia coli: a retrospective tNGS-based study.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Independent risk factors for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a multivariate analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Pathogen-Specific IgM Antibody and Nucleic Acid Detection in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infectionsin Northern Anhui, China: An Epidemiological Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a clinical-radiomics nomogram for differentiatingFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia among children from 2015 to 2023 in Henan Province, China: longitudinal surveillance study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical Features and Value of Tracheal Aspirate Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Severe Pneumonia in Children in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.Polish journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children with virus mono-detection versus co-detection with bacteria.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples for pathogen detection in children with severe or refractory pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe pneumonia caused by human bocavirus in children.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Real-world efficacy and safety of cefepime for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a propensity score-matched study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility, and determinants of positive blood culture in children with community-acquired pneumonia in Central Tanzania.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Respiratory pathogens detected in children aged <5 years hospitalized with severe respiratory illness, South Africa, 2017.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and meteorological factors of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in hospitalized children in eastern Guangdong, China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Analysis of the epidemiological situation of influenza in Guangzhou under the prevention and control of COVID-19 in June 2022.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chengdu, China.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Clinical Features and Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children.Emergency medicine international · 2024Article
- High-flow nasal oxygen in infants and children for early respiratory management of pneumonia-induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the CENTURI randomized clinical trial.Intensive care medicine. Paediatric and neonatal · 2024Article
- Human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B outbreak in a kindergarten in Zhejiang Province, China, 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among Chinese children younger than 5 y and provide evidence for further cost-effectiveness analyses for vaccine development, diagnostic strategies and empirical treatments.
methodsThe literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Data were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, Web-of Science, and the Chinese databases Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All CAP etiological studies on children under 5 y of age from China published in Chinese and English between the years of 2001 and 2015 were included. A total of 48 studies were included in the final review, comprising 100 151 hospitalized children with CAP episodes. Heterogeneity and the percentage of variation between studies was analyzed based on Q statistic and I
resultsThe most frequently detected bacterial agents were Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.2%), Escherichia coli (5.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.9%), Haemophilus influenza (3.6%) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (3.3%). The most frequently detected viruses were human rhinovirus (20.3%, in just 2 studies), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 17.3%), human bocavirus (9.9%), parainfluenza virus (5.8%), human metapneumovirus (3.9%) and influenza (3.5%). Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae were identified in 9.5% and 2.9%, respectively, of children under 5 y of age with CAP.
conclusionThis article provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of the factors contributing to CAP in children under 5 y of age. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and influenza were the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in children. Corresponding, vaccines should be introduced into Chinese immunization programs, and further economic evaluations should be conducted. RSV is common in Chinese children and preventative measures could have a substantial impact on public health. These data also have major implications for diagnostic strategies and empirical treatments.
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