Trial reportPloS one2017
The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- Low-grade inflammation from prenatal period to age 6-8 years in a Vitamin D trial.Pediatric research · 2024Trial
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cross-Sectional Associations with Inflammation, Muscle Mass and Function in Healthy Old Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Trial
- The Neuroimmune Mechanisms Linking Smoking and Infection to Atherosclerosis: Chronic vs. Surge.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- C-reactive protein and residual cardiovascular risk in hypertension: a prospective cohort study.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Review
- Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Effect of smoking on the diagnostic results and complication rates of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.European radiology · 2024Article
- Prognostic value of circulating proteins at diagnosis among patients with lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis by smoking status.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Sleep Disorders in Connective Tissue Diseases-Coexisting Diseases or Disease Components?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Positive association between serum resistin and smoking was strongest in homozygotes of the G-A haplotype at c.-420 C>G and c.-358 G>A in RETN promoter: the Toon Genome Study.Journal of human genetics · 2023Article
- The Relation of Lifestyle with Inflammation at the Time of Diagnosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Reversion of the Epigenetic Signature of Coronary Heart Disease in Response to Smoking Cessation.Genes · 2023Article
- Prediagnosis Smoking Cessation and Overall Survival Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Investigating the association of traditional and non-traditional tobacco product use with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco working group rationale, design, and methodology.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Polysomnographic Assessment of Effects of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Sleep Bruxism Intensity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between smoking, depression and inflammation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of smoking on the tissue regeneration-associated functions of human endometrial stem cells via a novel target gene SERPINB2.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Article
- Portable air cleaner use and biomarkers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2022Article
- How does childhood maltreatment influence cardiovascular disease? A sequential causal mediation analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.