ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2018
Economic burden of pneumococcal infections in children under 5 years of age.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children: A Retrospective Three-Center Study in Zhejiang Province, China (2010-2024).Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Non-Vaccine Serotype Replacement and Subdominant Persistence of Vaccine Types in Nepalese Infants Following PCV10 Introduction.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Multidimensional analysis of costs and outcomes in a Colombian cohort of pediatricHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Economic burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalized children in Zhejiang Province, China: A multicenter hospital-based study conducted from 2014-2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Health state utilities associated with invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and recurrent acute otitis media in young children.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A novel drug that reduces pneumococcal toxicity by targeting pneumolysin (PLY): efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicineFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal carriage in a large Sicilian sample population: impact on the current epidemiological scenario and implications for future vaccination strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Observational
- Observational
- Systematic review of economic evaluations for paediatric pulmonary diseases.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Economic burden of pneumococcal disease in children in Liguria, Italy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- The Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in Children: A Population-Based Investigation in the Veneto Region of Italy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Seven Chinese Cities.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- Hospital-based sentinel surveillance forBMJ open · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of routine 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations in Chinese infants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2021
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the cost of childhood pneumococcal infections under 5 years of age and to provide further data for future health economy studies. Electronic medical records of children diagnosed with meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae and all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) between January 2013-April 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Direct costs for the treatments of hospitalized patients (pneumonia and pneumococcal meningitis) including costs of healthcare services consisted of costs of hospital bed, examination, laboratory analyses, scanning methods, consultation, vascular access procedures, and infusion and intravenous treatments. Direct costs for patients (AOM) treated in outpatient setting included constant price paid for the examination and cost of prescribed antibiotics. Indirect costs included cost of work loss of parents and their transportation expenses. Data of 130 children with pneumococcal meningitis (n = 10), pneumonia (n = 53), and AOM (n = 67) were analyzed. The total median cost was €4,060.38 (direct cost: €3,346.38 and indirect cost: €829.18) for meningitis, €835.91 (direct cost: €480.66 and indirect cost: €330.09) for pneumonia, and €117.32 (direct cost: €17.59 and indirect cost: €99.73) for AOM. The medication cost (p = 0.047), indirect cost (p = 0.032), and total cost (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in pneumonia patients aged ≥36 months than those aged <36 months; however, direct cost of AOM were significantly higher in the patients aged <36 months (p = 0.049). Results of the present study revealed that the treatment cost was significantly enhanced for hospitalization and for advanced disease. Thus, preventive actions, mainly vaccination, should be conducted regularly.
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