ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2017
The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 312 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MATRIx: MesenchymAl Stromal Cells for Traumatic bRain Injury
Cerebral Autoregulation, Brain Perfusion, and Neurocognitive Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury
Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
312 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Severe traumatic brain injury and long-term survival: a meta-analysis on life expectancy and mortality trends.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review.Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing Two Models of Transition from Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Trial.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Trial
- Intervention-Induced Changes in Balance and Task-Dependent Neural Activity in Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Trial
- Thalamic deep brain stimulation in traumatic brain injury: a phase 1, randomized feasibility study.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Associations between protective resources and family functioning after traumatic brain injury: A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach.NeuroRehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Associations of serum neurofilament light chain concentration with able life and healthy life in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Delirium in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A Global Federated Real World Data Analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- A combination of Nrf-2 activator, kinetin and zinc provides neuroprotection through NLRP3-NF-ԟB signaling in traumatic brain injury.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Temporal transcriptomic remodeling after controlled cortical impact reveals delayed AQP4/SNTA1 expression imbalance associated with ion-homeostatic remodeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Semaglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by blocking the interleukin-17/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated neuroinflammation pathway after traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities in gun violence-related neurotrauma incidence, prevalence, and disability across the United States, 1990-2023: A population-based analysis of the Global Burden of Disease database.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- How does it feel to be helped using minimal cognitive assistance following a traumatic brain injury?Australian occupational therapy journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Drives Astrocytic Mitochondrial Transfer after TBI: Reveals the Therapeutic Potential of astrocytic EV-Mito.Research square · 2026Article
- Reply to: Comments on "Functional Outcomes After Trauma in Older Adults With Dementia".Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have lifelong and dynamic effects on health and wellbeing. Research on the long-term consequences emphasises that, for many patients, TBI should be conceptualised as a chronic health condition. Evidence suggests that functional outcomes after TBI can show improvement or deterioration up to two decades after injury, and rates of all-cause mortality remain elevated for many years. Furthermore, TBI represents a risk factor for a variety of neurological illnesses, including epilepsy, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. With respect to neurodegeneration after TBI, post-mortem studies on the long-term neuropathology after injury have identified complex persisting and evolving abnormalities best described as polypathology, which includes chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Despite growing awareness of the lifelong consequences of TBI, substantial gaps in research exist. Improvements are therefore needed in understanding chronic pathologies and their implications for survivors of TBI, which could inform long-term health management in this sizeable patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.