ReviewJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2018
Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases.
Review in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Cerebrovascular Injury to Brain Cancer: The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Endothelial activation during the diapedesis of cancer cells: between the kiss of death and therapeutic breakthrough.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Bioengineering facets of the tumor microenvironment in 3D tumor models: insights into cellular, biophysical and biochemical interactions.FEBS open bio · 2025Review
- The Role of Microglia in Brain Metastases: Mechanisms and Strategies.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Inflammasome activation in peritumoral astrocytes is a key player in breast cancer brain metastasis development.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Melanoma Cells Produce Large Vesicular-Bodies That Cause Rapid Disruption of Brain Endothelial Barrier-Integrity and Disassembly of Junctional Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Drug delivery for neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases: evolving roles of the blood brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Review
- Recapitulated Crosstalk between Cerebral Metastatic Lung Cancer Cells and Brain Perivascular Tumor Microenvironment in a Microfluidic Co-Culture Chip.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Treatment of Neuronopathic Mucopolysaccharidoses with Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Enzymes: Clinical Application of Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Microphysiological systems to study tumor-stroma interactions in brain cancer.Brain research bulletin · 2021Review
- Site-specific metastasis: A cooperation between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment.International journal of cancer · 2021Review
- Picturing Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis Development to Unravel Molecular Players and Cellular Crosstalk.Cancers · 2021Article
- Pericyte-secreted IGF2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis formation.Molecular oncology · 2020Article
- miRNAs in Health and Disease: A Focus on the Breast Cancer Metastatic Cascade towards the Brain.Cells · 2020Review
- Downregulation of circulating miR 802-5p and miR 194-5p and upregulation of brain MEF2C along breast cancer brain metastasization.Molecular oncology · 2020Article
- Supportive roles of brain macrophages in CNS metastases and assessment of new approaches targeting their functions.Theranostics · 2020Review
- Circulating MicroRNAs and Blood-Brain-Barrier Function in Breast Cancer Metastasis.Current pharmaceutical design · 2020Article
- Hypoxia-Induced MicroRNA-212/132 Alter Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Through Inhibition of Tight Junction-Associated Proteins in Human and Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Translational stroke research · 2019Article
- Response of the neurovascular unit to brain metastatic breast cancer cells.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.