ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2017
Empirical validation of the Horowitz Multiple Systemic Infectious Disease Syndrome Questionnaire for suspected Lyme disease.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Development and Acceptability of a Psychology-Based Intervention for Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Probable European-profileFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Lyme Disease and Co-Infections: Unraveling Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Complexities-A Comprehensive Case Series Analysis.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Case Report: Special recoveries from major mental illness in childhood: a case series.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
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- Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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- The Use of Natural Bioactive Nutraceuticals in the Management of Tick-Borne Illnesses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Profiling disease burden and Borrelia seroprevalence in Canadians with complex and chronic illness.PloS one · 2023Article
- Does Biological Sex Matter in Lyme Disease? The Need for Sex-Disaggregated Data in Persistent Illness.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Triangulating the New Frontier of Health Geo-Data: Assessing Tick-Borne Disease Risk as an Occupational Hazard among Vulnerable Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Short-Term High Dose Pulsed Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-Infections: A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cat Ownership and Rural Residence Are Associated with Lyme Disease Prevalence in the Northeastern United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Lyme borreliosis in pregnancy and associations with parent and offspring health outcomes: An international cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Physical Therapist Recognition and Referral of Individuals With Suspected Lyme Disease.Physical therapy · 2021Review
- Antibiotic Treatment Response in Chronic Lyme Disease: Why Do Some Patients Improve While Others Do Not?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials.Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- A Clinical Diagnostic System for Late-Stage Neuropsychiatric Lyme Borreliosis Based upon an Analysis of 100 Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2020Article
- Lyme Disease Frontiers: ReconcilingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeLyme disease is spreading worldwide, with multiple
methodsStudy 1 examined the construct validity of the scale examining its factor structure and reliability of the questionnaire among 537 individuals being treated for Lyme disease. Study 2 involved an online sample of 999 participants, who self-identified as either healthy (N=217) or suffering from Lyme now (N=782) who completed the Horowitz MSIDS Questionnaire (HMQ) along with an outdoor activity survey. We examined convergent validity among components of the scale and evaluated discriminant validity with the Big Five personality characteristics. The third study compared a sample of 236 patients with confirmed Lyme disease with an online sample of 568 healthy individuals.
resultsFactor analysis results identified six underlying latent dimensions; four of these overlapped with critical symptoms identified by Horowitz - neuropathy, cognitive dysfunction, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue. The HMQ showed acceptable levels of internal reliability using Cronbach's coefficient alpha and exhibited evidence of convergent and divergent validity. Components of the HMQ correlated more highly with each other than with unrelated traits. DISCUSSION: The results consistently demonstrated that the HMQ accurately differentiated those with Lyme disease from healthy individuals. Three migratory pain survey items (persistent muscular pain, arthritic pain, and nerve pain/paresthesias) robustly identified individuals with verified Lyme disease. The results support the use of the HMQ as a valid, efficient, and low-cost screening tool for medical practitioners to decide if additional testing is warranted to distinguish between Lyme disease and other illnesses.
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