Trial reportInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2017
Cycle ergometer and inspiratory muscle training offer modest benefit compared with cycle ergometer alone: a comprehensive assessment in stable COPD patients.
Trial report in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise Training Improves Depression and Anxiety in Patients with COPD: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Inspiratory Muscle Training plus Pulmonary Rehabilitation versus Rehabilitation alone in COPD A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.F1000Research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on lung function and exercise capacity in older patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Network Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Different Exercise Types in Patients With COPD.Respiratory care · 2024Pooled it
- Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as Part of a Respiratory Rehabilitation Program Implementation of Mechanical Devices: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Self-management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- How Breathing Exercises Influence on Respiratory Muscles and Quality of Life among Patients with COPD? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Canadian respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Optimal intensity and type of lower limb aerobic training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device in COPD.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Combination of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in same respiratory cycle versus different cycles in COPD patients: a randomized trial.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- Effectiveness of water-based Liuzijue exercise on respiratory muscle strength and peripheral skeletal muscle function in patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Trial
- Short-term inspiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, and detraining in women with COPD: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cluster randomised controlled trial on the effects of long-term home-based exercise for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with recent exacerbation: research protocol of theBMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- A Network Meta-Analysis of Aerobic, Resistance, Endurance, and High-Intensity Interval Training to Prioritize Exercise for Stable COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Efficacy of interventions to alter measures of fat-free mass in people with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ERJ open research · 2023Review
- Adjunctive Inspiratory Muscle Training During a Rehabilitation Program in Patients With Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2022Article
- Respiratory therapy for the treatment of anxiety: Meta-analytic review and regression.Clinical psychology review · 2021Review
- Continuous positive airway pressure improves respiratory mechanics and efficiency of neural drive in stable COPD: an exploratory study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Article
- Comparison of the clinical characteristics and comprehensive assessments of the 2011 and 2017 GOLD classifications for patients with COPD in China.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCycle ergometer training (CET) has been shown to improve exercise performance of the quadriceps muscles in patients with COPD, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve the pressure-generating capacity of the inspiratory muscles. However, the effects of combined CET and IMT remain unclear and there is a lack of comprehensive assessment. MATERIALS AND
methodsEighty-one patients with COPD were randomly allocated to three groups: 28 received 8 weeks of CET + IMT (combined training group), 27 received 8 weeks of CET alone (CET group), and 26 only received 8 weeks of free walking (control group). Comprehensive assessment including respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, pulmonary function, dyspnea, quality of life, emotional status, nutritional status, and body mass index, airflow obstruction, and exercise capacity index were measured before and after the pulmonary rehabilitation program.
resultsRespiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, inspiratory capacity, dyspnea, quality of life, depression and anxiety, and nutritional status were all improved in the combined training and CET groups when compared with that in the control group (
conclusionCombined training is more effective than CET alone for increasing inspiratory muscle strength. IMT may not be useful when combined with CET in patients with weakened inspiratory muscles. Nutritional status had slight impact on the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation. A comprehensive assessment approach can be more objective to evaluate the effects of combined CET and IMT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.