ReviewIntensive care medicine2017
Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 189 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Effects of Early Mobilization and Routine Care on Diaphragmatic Thickness
Improving Our Understanding of Respiratory Muscle Training to Facilitate Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU
Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on the Diaphragm in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients. A Post-mortem Pathology Study.
Muscle Recruitment During Neck Flexion and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Difficult and Prolonged Weaning Patients: a Physiological Study - The FLEX Study
Critical Care Ultrasound Guided Weaning
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 395 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training approaches within intensive care unit-acquired weakness prevention and rehabilitation strategies: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for diaphragmatic dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Acquisition of respiratory surface EMG: a systematic literature review of electrode configurations and methodological reporting.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Inspiratory muscle training for chronic critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Physiological Effects of High-Flow Tracheal Oxygen in Tracheostomized Patients Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation.Respiratory care · 2024Pooled it
- Accuracy of respiratory muscle assessments to predict weaning outcomes: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Outcomes in critically ill patients after diaphragmatic stimulation on ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of diaphragmatic ultrasound as a predictor of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- ICU-acquired weakness.Intensive care medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Monitoring of breathing effort through pressure time product measurement using airway occlusion pressure (PTPBMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Diaphragm Muscle Weakness Might Explain Exertional Dyspnea 15 Months after Hospitalization for COVID-19.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- Randomized Clinical Study of Temporary Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation in Difficult-to-Wean Patients.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Trial
- Early rehabilitation relieves diaphragm dysfunction induced by prolonged mechanical ventilation: a randomised control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Trial
- Breath-synchronized electrical stimulation of the expiratory muscles in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized controlled feasibility study and pooled analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Effects of levosimendan on respiratory muscle function in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation.Intensive care medicine · 2019Trial
- The effects of inspiratory muscle training on biomarkers of muscle damage in recovered COVID-19 patients after weaning from mechanical ventilation.Chronic respiratory diseaseTrial
- Video-assisted thoracoscopic diaphragmatic plication in a ventilator-dependent patient with an elevated and dysfunctional hemidiaphragm.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- The emerging role of diaphragm neurostimulation in ARDS.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diaphragm weakness is highly prevalent in critically ill patients. It may exist prior to ICU admission and may precipitate the need for mechanical ventilation but it also frequently develops during the ICU stay. Several risk factors for diaphragm weakness have been identified; among them sepsis and mechanical ventilation play central roles. We employ the term critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness to refer to the collective effects of all mechanisms of diaphragm injury and weakness occurring in critically ill patients. Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness is consistently associated with poor outcomes including increased ICU mortality, difficult weaning, and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Bedside techniques for assessing the respiratory muscles promise to improve detection of diaphragm weakness and enable preventive or curative strategies. Inspiratory muscle training and pharmacological interventions may improve respiratory muscle function but data on clinical outcomes remain limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.