ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2018
The Immunopathologic Effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Community-acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin. A Primate Model.
Article in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive betamethasone treatment of hypoxaemic adults hospitalised withThe Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Host immune dysfunction and Mycoplasma pneumoniae immune evasion: dual drivers of pathogenesis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Bacterial Toxin Exploits Host Membrane Phospholipid as a Receptor for Binding, Entry, and Cytopathogenicity.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1-interacting proteins by GST pull-down and analysis of its transcriptomic regulation in A549 cells.FEMS microbiology letters · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines linked to clinical outcomes inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Adjunctive Corticosteroid Treatment in Hypoxemic Adults Hospitalized for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Rapid detection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Observational retrospective clinical study on clinical features of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Chinese pediatric cases.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors forFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- RefractoryJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Investigation of the relationship between community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin and the high-mobility group box protein 1-toll-like receptors-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- D-dimer: The Risk Factor of Children's Severe Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Neutrophil-Mediated Lung Injury Both via TLR2-Dependent Production of IL-1α and IL-12 p40, and TLR2-Independent CARDS Toxin after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Review
- Evaluation of the CARDS toxin and its fragment for the serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin exploits host cell endosomal acidic pH and vacuolar ATPase proton pump to execute its biological activities.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Highly homogeneous microbial communities dominated byTranslational pediatrics · 2021Article
- Review
- The relationships between LncRNA NNT-AS1, CRP, PCT and their interactions and the refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin: Unique Exotoxin forFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been linked to poor asthma outcomes. M. pneumoniae produces an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin called community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin that has a major role in inflammation and airway dysfunction. The objective was to evaluate the immunopathological effects in primates exposed to M. pneumoniae or CARDS toxin. A total of 13 baboons were exposed to M. pneumoniae or CARDS toxin. At Days 7 and 14, BAL fluid was collected and analyzed for cell count, percent of each type of cell, CARDS toxin by PCR, CARDS toxin by antigen capture, eosinophilic cationic protein, and cytokine profiles. Serum IgM, IgG, and IgE responses to CARDS toxin were measured. All animals had a necropsy for analysis of the histopathological changes on lungs. No animal developed signs of infection. The serological responses to CARDS toxin were variable. At Day 14, four of seven animals exposed to M. pneumoniae and all four animals exposed to CARDS toxin developed histological "asthma-like" changes. T cell intracellular cytokine analysis revealed an increasing ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ over time. Both M. pneumoniae and CARDS toxin exposure resulted in similar histopathological pulmonary changes, suggesting that CARDS toxin plays a major role in the inflammatory response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.