Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28914232›Full record

ArticleJournal of neural engineering2018

Combined rTMS and virtual reality brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke.

N N Johnson, J Carey, B J Edelman, A Doud, A Grande, K Lakshminarayan, B He

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neural engineering, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: State of the Art and Trends.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

N N JohnsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-1020-6091
J CareyDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
B J EdelmanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
A DoudDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
A GrandeDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
K LakshminarayanDepartment of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
B HeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-2944-8602
University of Minnesota · US

Funding

Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Partial EpilepsyR01NS096761 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HE, BIN · 2016 to 2025
$3.6M
Mind-body awareness training and brain-computer interfaceR01AT009263 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HE, BIN · 2016 to 2020
$2.0M
Spatio-temporal Dynamic Imaging of Seizure SourcesR01EB021027 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HE, BIN · 2016 to 2020
$1.3M
Mulitmodal Neuroimaging for a Non-Invasive Biomimetic Brain-Computer InterfaceF31NS096964 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI EDELMAN, BRADLEY · 2016 to 2017
$52k
NCCIH NIH HHS R01 AT009263NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB021027NINDS NIH HHS F31 NS096964NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS096761
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCombining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with brain-computer interface (BCI) training can address motor impairment after stroke by down-regulating exaggerated inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere and encouraging ipsilesional activation. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of combined rTMS  +  BCI, compared to sham rTMS  +  BCI, on motor recovery after stroke in subjects with lasting motor paresis. APPROACH: Three stroke subjects approximately one year post-stroke participated in three weeks of combined rTMS (real or sham) and BCI, followed by three weeks of BCI alone. Behavioral and electrophysiological differences were evaluated at baseline, after three weeks, and after six weeks of treatment. MAIN

resultsMotor improvements were observed in both real rTMS  +  BCI and sham groups, but only the former showed significant alterations in inter-hemispheric inhibition in the desired direction and increased relative ipsilesional cortical activation from fMRI. In addition, significant improvements in BCI performance over time and adequate control of the virtual reality BCI paradigm were observed only in the former group. SIGNIFICANCE: When combined, the results highlight the feasibility and efficacy of combined rTMS  +  BCI for motor recovery, demonstrated by increased ipsilesional motor activity and improvements in behavioral function for the real rTMS  +  BCI condition in particular. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of BCI training alone, as shown by behavioral improvements for the sham rTMS  +  BCI condition. This study is the first to evaluate combined rTMS and BCI training for motor rehabilitation and provides a foundation for continued work to evaluate the potential of both rTMS and virtual reality BCI training for motor recovery after stroke.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesAdultAgedCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedMotor CortexRecovery of FunctionStrokeStroke RehabilitationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationVirtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Identifiers

PMID28914232
PMCPMC5821060
OpenAlexW2754269319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.