ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2018
Impact of histopathology, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and adjuvant chemotherapy on prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with special histology subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Pooled it
- Predictive and prognostic role of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Spatially resolved single-cell landscape of tumor immunotypes reveals the central role of interferon signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Integrated Collagen Architecture and Composition Improve Risk Stratification in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Role of tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes and miR‑155 in breast cancer: Insights into carcinogenesis and their potential as prognostic biomarkers (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Survival outcomes after systemic treatment of high-grade triple-negative metaplastic breast cancer versus triple-negative breast cancer of no special type.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence-based digital pathology using H&E-stained whole slide images in immuno-oncology: from immune biomarker detection to immunotherapy response prediction.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Causal association of breast cancer with immune cells: new evidence from bi-directional Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for T1cN0M0 and selected T1bN0M0 triple-negative breast cancer: a nationwide cancer registry-based study.The oncologist · 2025Article
- A Machine-Learning Model for the Prediction of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on Multiparameter MRI.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Treatment Outcomes after Postoperative Radiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study (KROG 17-05).Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Pre-treatment peripheral blood immunophenotyping and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Article
- Automated mitotic spindle hotspot counts are highly associated with clinical outcomes in systemically untreated early-stage triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Association of androgen receptor and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with bone recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of bone oncology · 2024Article
- Chemotherapy is of prognostic significance to metaplastic breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in lymph node-negative, T1b and T1c triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven its high recurrence risk, guidelines recommend systemic therapy for most patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). While some clinicopathologic factors and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to be prognostic in patients receiving chemotherapy, their prognostic implications in systemically untreated patients remain unknown.
methodsFrom a cohort of 9982 women with surgically treated non-metastatic breast cancer, all patients with clinically reported ER-negative/borderline (≤10%) disease were selected for central assessment of ER/PR/HER2, histopathology, Ki-67, and TILs. The impact of these parameters on invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsSix hundred five patients met the criteria for TNBC (ER/PR < 1% and HER2 negative). Most were T1-2 (95%), N0-1 (86%), grade 3 (88%), and had a Ki-67 >15% (75%). Histologically, 70% were invasive carcinoma of no special type, 16% medullary, 8% metaplastic, and 6% apocrine. The median stromal TIL content was 20%. Four hundred twenty-three (70%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median OS follow-up was 10.6 years. On multivariate analysis, only higher nodal stage, lower TILs, and the absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with worse IDFS and OS. Among systemically untreated patients (n = 182), the 5-year IDFS was 69.9% (95% CI 60.7-80.5) [T1a: 82.5% (95% CI 62.8-100), T1b: 67.5% (95% CI 51.9-87.8) and T1c: 67.3% (95% CI 54.9-82.6)], compared to 77.8% (95% CI 68.3-83.6) for systemically treated T1N0. Nodal stage and TILs remained strongly associated with outcomes.
conclusionsIn early-stage TNBC, nodal involvement, TILs, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy were independently associated with IDFS and OS. In systemically untreated TNBC, TILs remained prognostic and the risk of recurrence or death was substantial, even for T1N0 disease.
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