ReviewTurkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology2016
Long- and short-term complications of episiotomy.
Review in Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of midwifery-led care on pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of episiotomy practice and factors associated with it in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Trial
- Clinical equivalence of Trusynth fastF1000Research · 2022Trial
- Women's Quality-of-Life Trajectories During Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods by Mode of Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Observational
- The Effect of Midwife-Led Continuous Labor Support Care on Delivery Mode and Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding in Primigravida Women in Northwest Ethiopia: A Hybrid Type I Implementation Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Restrictive approach to episiotomy and the risk of third- and fourth-grade perineal tears: An analytical cross-sectional study at a rural tertiary hospital in South Africa.Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa · 2026Article
- The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Crisis at Birth: Confronting Unconventional Practices for Maternal and Neonatal Well-being in the Hinterlands of Africa.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2025Article
- The effect of midwifery-led continuum of care to improve maternal and newborn outcomes in the Sidama region, Ethiopia: A non-randomized control trial study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Evidence-based intrapartum care during vaginal births: Direct observations in a tertiary care hospital in Central Sri Lanka.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of episiotomy and associated factors among women who gave birth at public health facilities in Jigjiga town, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The Effects of Ginger (Journal of caring sciences · 2023Article
- The ethics of consent during labour and birth: episiotomies.Journal of medical ethics · 2023Article
- Article
- The relationship between perineal size and episiotomy during delivery.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Article
- Review
- Women acceptance of episiotomy procedure before and after receiving educational materials: Pretest posttest study.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2022Article
- Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal births in Shanghai hospitals, China: a comparison of policies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although extensively applied in obstetrics practice to facilitate delivery by increasing the vaginal birth conduit, most episiotomy studies are in the context of short- or medium-term outcomes, and the number of studies investigating the long-term effects is insufficient. Episiotomy is often considered associated with urinary and/or anal incontinence and dyspareunia; however, there is no concrete evidence for this issue. Current meta-analyses and reviews that assessed the studies available in the literature revealed that episiotomy does not decrease the rates of urinary incontinence, perineal pain, and sexual dysfunction and that routine episiotomy does not prevent pelvic floor damage; thus, the recommended use of mediolateral episiotomy is restricted, rather than routine. According to the limited number of studies on sexual function, there seems to be a linear relationship between the degree of perineal laceration and postpartum dyspareunia. It is still not clear whether episiotomy has any impact on pelvic floor relaxation, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction in the long term.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.