ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2017
Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 241 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
241 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A bibliometric analysis of inflammation and thyroid carcinoma: research trends and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the tumor microenvironment and facilitates strategic choices to circumvent treatment failure in a chemorefractory bladder cancer patient.Genome medicine · 2020Trial
- Differences between mitotically old and young endometrial tumors.The Journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Proliferation Heterogeneity: A Phenotype-Structured Model for Tumor Growth and Treatment Response.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- The identity crisis of cryptic lncRNAs: when non-coding RNAs translate into small peptides.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Metastasis as a breakdown of the multicellular social contract.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- When effective anticancer therapies are, in fact, destabilizing the tumor's Group Phenotypic Composition.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Spatial blueprint of colorectal cancer identifies Hypoxic CAF program that orchestrates Go-or-Grow decisions and predicts outcomes.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- Bidirectional crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor immunity: shaping the microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint therapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma: epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and therapeutic resistance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Innovative approaches for lung cancer screening and interception.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Aging is not a disease: an evolutionary and comparative biological reappraisal.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Metabolic plasticity of sphingolipids governs cancer cell fitness in acidic tumor ecosystems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- SHADE: A multilevel Bayesian framework for modeling directional spatial interactions in tissue microenvironments.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- circ-UBR5 in hypoxia-induced exosomes may mediate lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via the targeting of HNRNPR.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Deciphering the intratumor microbiota in malignant gastrointestinal tumors: multifaceted interplay and clinical implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Multi-parametric MRI habitat radiomics with interpretable machine learning for early prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A conditional multi-signal validation framework for cancer immunotherapy: the adaptive anti-error biological system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Plasma cell development-based prediction of prognosis and treatment response in individual multiple myeloma.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Article
- Revisiting Clonal Evolution Through the Light of Retrotransposons.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
181 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic cell determines which changes provide adaptive benefits. There is widespread recognition of the importance of these evolutionary and ecological processes in cancer, but to date, no system has been proposed for drawing clinically relevant distinctions between how different tumours are evolving. On the basis of a consensus conference of experts in the fields of cancer evolution and cancer ecology, we propose a framework for classifying tumours that is based on four relevant components. These are the diversity of neoplastic cells (intratumoural heterogeneity) and changes over time in that diversity, which make up an evolutionary index (Evo-index), as well as the hazards to neoplastic cell survival and the resources available to neoplastic cells, which make up an ecological index (Eco-index). We review evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these factors and describe multiple methods that can be used to measure them. Development of this classification system holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour. The Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions, with potential implications for clinical trials, personalized medicine and basic cancer research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.