ArticlePloS one2017
Surge of immune cell formation at birth differs by mode of delivery and infant characteristics-A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hens and roosters of two distinct lines differ in immune cell profiles.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Heritability of neonatal acute phase protein levels.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- First pilot study for newborn screening of severe T and B lymphopenias in ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome of Mares on the Post-Foaling Day Under Field Conditions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effects on neonatal immunoglobulin concentrations by infant mode of delivery in the upstate KIDS study (2008-2010).American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Article
- Altered stress responses in adults born by Caesarean section.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Microorganisms in the reproductive system and probiotic's regulatory effects on reproductive health.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Elective Caesarean Delivery Associated with Infant Hospitalisation for Intestinal But Not Respiratory Infection.Maternal and child health journal · 2021Article
- Immunological Findings and Clinical Outcomes of Infants With Positive Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency From a Tertiary Care Center in the U.S.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Delivery mode and future infectious morbidity of the offspring: a sibling analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2020Article
- T-cell Receptor Excision Circles in Newborns with Heart Defects.Pediatric cardiology · 2020Article
- Influence of maternal microbiota during pregnancy on infant immunity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Glycan Utilisation and Function in the Microbiome of Weaning Infants.Microorganisms · 2019Review
- Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Development and in Response to Nutritional Intervention in Neonatal Piglets.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Mode of delivery by an ulcerative colitis mother in a case of twins: Immunological differences in cord blood and placenta.World journal of gastroenterology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBirth by cesarean section is associated with increased risks of immune disorders. We tested whether establishment of immune function at birth relates to mode of delivery, taking other maternal and infant characteristics into account. METHODS AND
findingsUsing a prospectively collected database, we retrieved information on maternal and infant characteristics of 6,014 singleton infants delivered from February to April 2014 in Stockholm, Sweden, with gestational age ≥35 weeks, Apgar scores ≥7, and without congenital malformations or any neonatal morbidity. We linked our data to blood levels of T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and κ-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC), determined as part of a neonatal screening program for immune-deficiencies, and representing quantities of newly formed T- and B-lymphocytes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for participants having TREC and KREC levels in the lowest quintile. Multivariate models were adjusted for postnatal age at blood sampling, and included perinatal (mode of delivery, infant sex, gestational age, and birth weight for gestational age), and maternal characteristics (age, parity, BMI, smoking, diabetes, and hypertensive disease). Low TREC was associated with cesarean section before labor (adjusted OR:1.32 [95% CI 1.08-1.62]), male infant sex (aOR:1.60 [1.41-1.83]), preterm birth at 35-36 weeks of gestation (aOR:1.89 [1.21-2.96]) and small for gestational age (aOR:1.67 [1.00-2.79]). Low KREC was associated with male sex (aOR:1.32 [1.15-1.50]), postterm birth at ≥42 weeks (aOR:1.43 [1.13-1.82]) and small for gestational age (aOR:2.89 [1.78-4.69]). Maternal characteristics showed no consistent associations with neonatal levels of either TREC or KREC.
conclusionCesarean section before labor was associated with lower T-lymphocyte formation, irrespective of maternal characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal risk factors. The significance of a reduced birth-related surge in lymphocyte formation for future immune function and health remains to be investigated.
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