ArticleJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2018
Changes in Proteases, Antiproteases, and Bioactive Proteins From Mother's Breast Milk to the Premature Infant Stomach.
Article in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Ultraviolet-C Treatment Better Preserves the Proteomic Profile of Donor Human Milk than Holder Pasteurization.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Optimized Ultraviolet-C Processing Inactivates Pathogenic and Spoilage-Associated Bacteria while Preserving Bioactive Proteins, Vitamins, and Lipids in Human Milk.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Article
- High-Pressure Processing of Human Milk: A Balance between Microbial Inactivation and Bioactive Protein Preservation.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Ecologies, synergies, and biological systems shaping human milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 2.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies and Cytokines in Breast Milk After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccination.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Premature delivery impacts the concentration of plasminogen activators and a plasminogen activator inhibitor and the plasmin activity in human milk.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Impact of pertussis-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies in mother's own breast milk and donor breast milk during preterm infant digestion.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Assessment of nitric oxide metabolites concentrations in plasma, saliva, and breast milk and their relationship in lactating women.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Quantitative Analysis of Antibody Survival across the Infant Digestive Tract Using Mass Spectrometry with Parallel Reaction Monitoring.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Milk Peptides Survive In Vivo Gastrointestinal Digestion and Are Excreted in the Stool of Infants.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- The Functional Power of the Human Milk Proteome.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother's Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Peptidomics Analysis of Milk Protein-Derived Peptides Released over Time in the Preterm Infant Stomach.Journal of proteome research · 2019Article
- The Preterm Gut Microbiota: An Inconspicuous Challenge in Nutritional Neonatal Care.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- The preterm infant stomach actively degrades milk proteins with increasing breakdown across digestion time.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2018Article
- Comparison of Human Milk Immunoglobulin Survival during Gastric Digestion between Preterm and Term Infants.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Survival of Immunoglobulins from Human Milk to Preterm Infant Gastric Samples at 1, 2, and 3 h Postprandial.Neonatology · 2018Article
- Release of functional peptides from mother's milk and fortifier proteins in the premature infant stomach.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur previous studies suggested that human milk proteases begin to hydrolyze proteins in the mammary gland and continue within the term infant' stomach. No research has measured milk protease and pepsin activity in the gastric aspirates of preterm infants after human milk feeding. This study investigated how the concentrations of human milk proteases and protease inhibitors changed in the premature infant stomach.
methodsHuman milk and infant gastric samples were collected from 18 preterm-delivering mother-infant pairs (24-32 week gestational age). Paired human milk and gastric samples were collected across postnatal age (2-47 days). Protease concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric or fluorometric assays, and the concentrations of protease inhibitors and bioactive proteins were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paired t tests were applied to compare enzymes, antiproteases, and bioactive proteins between human milk and gastric samples.
resultsOur study reveals that although human milk proteases, including carboxypeptidase B2, kallikrein, plasmin, cathepsin D, elastase, thrombin, and cytosol aminopeptidase, are present in the preterm infant stomach, only plasmin and cathepsin D can actively hydrolyze proteins at gastric pH. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and peptidomic evidence suggest that all milk antiproteases as well as lactoferrin and immunoglobulin A are partially digested in the preterm stomach.
conclusionsMost human milk proteases are active in milk but not at preterm infant gastric pH. Only cathepsin D and plasmin have potential to continue degrading milk proteins within the preterm infant stomach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.