ArticleThe New phytologist2018
Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants.
Article in The New phytologist, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- TOR-NOT4 signalling couples translation to co-translational quality control in plants.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Dark Side of Antioxidants: When Scavenging ROS Undermines Plant Stress Acclimation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Specialized Metabolic Reprogramming in Plant Immunity: Biosynthetic Networks, Spatiotemporal Regulation, and Quantitative Defense.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Decoding the growth-defense dialectic: TOR signaling and developmental genetics in maize.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of regulating the growth and development of tomato seedlings by the crosstalk between JA and TOR signaling.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- TOR Mediates Stress Responses Through Global Regulation of Metabolome in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TOR balances plant growth and cold tolerance by orchestrating amino acid-derived metabolism in tomato.Horticulture research · 2024Article
- Major components of RNAi gene families inHeliyon · 2024Article
- The TOR signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: A target for plant disease control.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Review
- The lowdown on breakdown: Open questions in plant proteolysis.The Plant cell · 2024Review
- TheHorticulture research · 2024Article
- Effect of interfering TOR signaling pathway on the biosynthesis of terpenoids inPlant signaling & behavior · 2023Article
- Comparison of dynamic 3D chromatin architecture uncovers heterosis for leaf size in Brassica napus.Journal of advanced research · 2022Article
- Integration of multi-omics data reveals interplay between brassinosteroid and Target of Rapamycin Complex signaling in Arabidopsis.The New phytologist · 2022Article
- TOR inhibition primes immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato in a salicylic acid-dependent manner.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- Targeting TOR and SnRK1 Genes in Rice with CRISPR/Cas9.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN is essential for asexual vegetative reproduction in Kalanchoë.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates the response to low nitrogen stress via autophagy and hormone pathways inHorticulture research · 2022Article
- Salicylic Acid andFrontiers in plant science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plant defense to microbial pathogens is often accompanied by significant growth inhibition. How plants merge immune system function with normal growth and development is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of target of rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase, in the plant defense response. We used rice as a model system and applied a combination of chemical, genetic, genomic and cell-based analyses. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of TOR and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), a protein previously demonstrated to interact with TOR in Arabidopsis, positively regulates growth and development in rice. Transcriptome analysis of rice cells treated with the TOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin revealed that TOR not only dictates transcriptional reprogramming of extensive gene sets involved in central and secondary metabolism, cell cycle and transcription, but also suppresses many defense-related genes. TOR overexpression lines displayed increased susceptibility to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas plants with reduced TOR signaling displayed enhanced resistance. Finally, we found that TOR antagonizes the action of the classic defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Together, these results indicate that TOR acts as a molecular switch for the activation of cell proliferation and plant growth at the expense of cellular immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.