ArticleJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS2017
Physiologic, Behavioral, and Histologic Responses to Various Euthanasia Methods in C57BL/6NTac Male Mice.
Article in Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Welfare Impact of Carbon Dioxide Euthanasia on Laboratory Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Pooled it
- A Practical Diagnostic Approach to Non-Drowning Asphyxia in Animals: Forensic Pathology and Biomarkers.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Predictive value of serum apolipoprotein panel (ApoA1 / ApoA2 / ApoA4) as a biomarker for individual radiosensitivity.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Effect of equine-derivedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- CHIVAX 2.1-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Intranasal Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19: Development and Murine Safety Assessment.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Siponimod treatment response shows partial BDNF dependency in multiple sclerosis models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Adrenal Abcg1 Controls Cholesterol Flux and Steroidogenesis.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- Regeneration of amputated mice digit tips by including Wnt signaling pathway with CHIR99021 and IWP-2 chemicals in limb organ culture system.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Article
- Safety Evaluation of an Intranasally Applied Cocktail ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Rat Grimace Scale as a Method to Evaluate Animal Welfare, Nociception, and Quality of the Euthanasia Method of Wistar Rats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Thermal Response of Laboratory Rats (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Neutrophil-Related Circ_22232 in Neuroinflammation from Ischemic Stroke Mice.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- A review of methods used to kill laboratory rodents: issues and opportunities.Laboratory animals · 2022Review
- Animal Models of COVID-19: Transgenic Mouse Model.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Histomorphometric comparison of the corpus cavernosum of rats submitted to euthanasia with ketamine and xylazine or isoflurane.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 improves pathological damages by activating the p21‑p53‑STK pathway in ovary and Bax‑Bcl2 in the uterus in premature ovarian insufficiency mouse models.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Dynamic-related protein 1 inhibitor eases epileptic seizures and can regulate equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 expression.BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Review of Rodent Euthanasia Methods.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Review
- Review of Intraperitoneal Injection of Sodium Pentobarbital as a Method of Euthanasia in Laboratory Rodents.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Review
- Effect of GABA-T on Reproductive Function in Female Rats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rodent euthanasia using exposure to increasing concentrations of CO2 has come under scrutiny due to concerns of potential pain during the euthanasia process. Alternatives to CO2, such as isoflurane and barbiturates, have been proposed as more humane methods of euthanasia. In this study, we examined 3 commonly used euthanasia methods in mice: intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital-phenytoin solution, CO2 inhalation, and isoflurane anesthesia followed by CO2 inhalation. We hypothesized that pentobarbital-phenytoin euthanasia would cause fewer alterations in cardiovascular response, result in less behavioral evidence of pain or stress, and produce lower elevations in ACTH than would the isoflurane and CO2 methods, which we hypothesized would not differ in regard to these parameters. ACTH data suggested that pentobarbital-phenytoin euthanasia may be less stressful to mice than are isoflurane and CO2 euthanasia. Cardiovascular, behavioral, and activity data did not consistently or significantly support isoflurane or pentobarbital-phenytoin euthanasia as less stressful methods than CO2. Euthanasia with CO2 was the fastest method of the 3 techniques. Therefore, we conclude that using CO2 with or without isoflurane is an acceptable euthanasia method. Pathologic alterations in the lungs were most severe with CO2 euthanasia, and alternative euthanasia techniques likely are better suited for studies that rely on analysis of the lungs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28905718PMC5250498What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.