ReviewThe AAPS journal2017
Early to Long-Term Alterations of CNS Barriers After Traumatic Brain Injury: Considerations for Drug Development.
Review in The AAPS journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Blood-brain barrier breakdown in traumatic brain injury: current insights and future directions.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- A Single Concussion in Juvenile Mice Leads to Sex Specific Acute Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction and Blood-brain Border Dysfunction.Research square · 2026Article
- The Breakdown of Neurovascular Barriers: Molecular Mechanisms of Tight Junction Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Bleeding pattern in the early phase after experimental rotational acceleration induced traumatic brain injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Improvement in Verbal Fluency Over Time in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Cerebral Glucose Metabolism following TBI: Changes in Plasma Glucose, Glucose Transport and Alternative Pathways of Glycolysis-A Translational Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Small Molecule Drug C381 Attenuates Brain Vascular Damage Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifies Berberine and Mubritinib as Neuroprotection Drugs for Spinal Cord Injury via Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Protection.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- Free Water Volume Fraction: An Imaging Biomarker to Characterize Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Article
- Progressive long-term spatial memory loss following repeat concussive and subconcussive brain injury in mice, associated with dorsal hippocampal neuron loss, microglial phenotype shift, and vascular abnormalities.The European journal of neuroscience · 2021Article
- Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase aggravates brain injury in diabetic rats with traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Evolution of blood-brain barrier in brain diseases and related systemic nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
- Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier Tight Junction in Central Nervous System Disorders.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Persistent Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Hypertensive Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Breakdown of blood brain barrier as a mechanism of post-traumatic epilepsy.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- A Review and Hypothesized Model of the Mechanisms That Underpin the Relationship Between Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability, particularly amongst the young and the elderly. The functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) are strongly impaired after TBI, thus affecting brain homeostasis. Following the primary mechanical injury that characterizes TBI, a secondary injury develops over time, including events such as edema formation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and alterations in paracelullar and transcellular transport. To date, most therapeutic interventions for TBI have aimed at direct neuroprotection during the acute phase and have not been successful. Targeting the barriers of the central nervous system (CNS) could be a wider therapeutic approach, given that restoration of brain homeostasis would benefit all brain cells, including neurons. Importantly, BBB disregulation has been observed even years after TBI, concomitantly with neurological and psychosocial sequelae; however, treatments targeting the post-acute phase are scarce. Here, we review the mechanisms of primary and secondary injury of CNS barriers, the accumulating evidence showing long-term damage to these structures and some of the therapies that have targeted these mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how the injury characteristics (hemorrhagic vs non-hemorrhagic, involvement of head rotation, gray vs white matter), the sex, and the age of the patient need to be carefully considered to improve clinical trial design and outcome interpretation, and to improve future drug development.
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Registered trials
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