SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2017
Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions: a real clinical entity? A systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Clinicopathological Criteria: A Practical Management Framework for Oral Lichen Planus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Oral lichenoid lesions in association with immunotherapies: a report of two cases and a review of published work.BMC oral health · 2026Review
- Oral Lichenoid Reactions Caused by Mesalazine for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Case reports in dentistry · 2026Article
- Vitamin C in Oral Lichen Planus: Pathobiological Rationale and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oral Lichen Planus: An Update on Diagnosis and Management.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- A Retrospective Analysis of Concordance Between Clinical and Histopathologic Diagnoses and Completeness of Oral Biopsy Forms at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Eastern Nepal.International journal of dentistry · 2024Article
- The association between high-risk human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2023Article
- Lesions in the oral cavity and esophagus caused by prescribed drugs: A review.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2022Review
- Comparison of clinical indices and therapeutic effect of a mucoadhesive system containing Melissa 1% and triamcinolone 0.1% on lichenoid reactions.Dental research journal · 2022Article
- The Characteristics of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Malignant Transformation-A Retrospective Study of 271 Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review.Head and neck pathology · 2019Review
- Efficacy of photobiomodulation on oral lichen planus: a protocol study for a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial.BMJ open · 2018Article
- [Lichenoid drug reactions].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2018Review
- Oral Lichen Planus: An Updated Review of Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.Indian dermatology online journalReview
- Mucocutaneous Findings in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms: An Observational Study.Indian dermatology online journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDrug-induced oral lichenoid reactions (DIOLRs) have been extensively reported in the literature, but the validity of the causality relationship between any drug and the oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) still remains questionable. We sought to determine whether this causality relationship really exists, whether a resolution of the oral lesions upon withdrawal occurs, and what the most common alleged offending medications are.
methodsNine electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2016 were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies selected with specific inclusion criteria (a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of DIOLRs, and clearly statement on the systemic offending medication). Searched terms included but not limited to oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid lesions/oral lichenoid reactions, the adverse effects of medication, and drug-induced. Statistical analyses conducted.
resultsThe search retrieved a total of 817 articles, of which only 46 were included into a qualitative synthesis: 40 case reports/series and 6 studies. The causality assessment was done only in 14.8% of cases with the C-D-R protocol. The Naranjo algorithm was not reported in the majority of cases (98.2%). Culprit medication was withdrawn in 68.5% of the cases, obtaining a partial or complete resolution without treatment in 16.7% of cases and with treatment in 27.7% of cases. The median number of culprit medication(s) described was 1 with the most frequent ones being Methyldopa (20.37%), Interferon (IFN)-alpha (11.11%), and Imatinib and Infliximab (9.26%).
conclusionThis systematic review demonstrated that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the causal relationship between any drug and oral lichenoid lesions; therefore, in all reviewed cases, we must question whether the DIOLRs represent a real and separate clinical entity. Further and more thorough investigations using one of the available algorithms for adverse drug reaction are warranted.
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