ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2017
Attention and Visual Motor Integration in Young Children with Uncorrected Hyperopia.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of uncorrected hyperopia on visual function and academic performance in preschool and school-age children.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Review
- Attention to text and pictures during storybook reading in preschool children with moderate hyperopia.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing parents' health literacy regarding vision screening for children: a Delphi study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Vision Screening, Vision Disorders, and Impacts of Hyperopia in Young Children: Outcomes of the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) and Vision in Preschoolers - Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) Studies.Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Review
- Accommodative response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the influence of accommodation stimulus and medication.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
- The effect of induced blur on the Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration and its supplemental tests.PloS one · 2020Article
- Evidence-based preschool-age vision screening: health policy considerations.Israel journal of health policy research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2018
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
significanceAmong 4- and 5-year-old children, deficits in measures of attention, visual-motor integration (VMI) and visual perception (VP) are associated with moderate, uncorrected hyperopia (3 to 6 diopters [D]) accompanied by reduced near visual function (near visual acuity worse than 20/40 or stereoacuity worse than 240 seconds of arc). PURPOSE: To compare attention, visual motor, and visual perceptual skills in uncorrected hyperopes and emmetropes attending preschool or kindergarten and evaluate their associations with visual function.
methodsParticipants were 4 and 5 years of age with either hyperopia (≥3 to ≤6 D, astigmatism ≤1.5 D, anisometropia ≤1 D) or emmetropia (hyperopia ≤1 D; astigmatism, anisometropia, and myopia each <1 D), without amblyopia or strabismus. Examiners masked to refractive status administered tests of attention (sustained, receptive, and expressive), VMI, and VP. Binocular visual acuity, stereoacuity, and accommodative accuracy were also assessed at near. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parent's/caregiver's education.
resultsTwo hundred forty-four hyperopes (mean, +3.8 ± [SD] 0.8 D) and 248 emmetropes (+0.5 ± 0.5 D) completed testing. Mean sustained attention score was worse in hyperopes compared with emmetropes (mean difference, -4.1; P < .001 for 3 to 6 D). Mean Receptive Attention score was worse in 4 to 6 D hyperopes compared with emmetropes (by -2.6, P = .01). Hyperopes with reduced near visual acuity (20/40 or worse) had worse scores than emmetropes (-6.4, P < .001 for sustained attention; -3.0, P = .004 for Receptive Attention; -0.7, P = .006 for VMI; -1.3, P = .008 for VP). Hyperopes with stereoacuity of 240 seconds of arc or worse scored significantly worse than emmetropes (-6.7, P < .001 for sustained attention; -3.4, P = .03 for Expressive Attention; -2.2, P = .03 for Receptive Attention; -0.7, P = .01 for VMI; -1.7, P < .001 for VP). Overall, hyperopes with better near visual function generally performed similarly to emmetropes.
conclusionsModerately hyperopic children were found to have deficits in measures of attention. Hyperopic children with reduced near visual function also had lower scores on VMI and VP than emmetropic children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.