SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2018
Evidence of splinting in low back pain? A systematic review of perturbation studies.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05706103 (Efficacy of Specific Skilled Motor Versus General Exercise Training on Peripheral Muscle and Central Brain Alterations in Patients with Recurrent Low Back Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Specific Skilled Motor Versus General Exercise Training on Peripheral Muscle and Central Brain Alterations in Patients with Recurrent Low Back Pain
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes of trunk muscle stiffness in individuals with low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Aquatic exercise versus standard care on paraspinal muscle morphology and function in chronic low back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Visual dependence, postural stability during repeated unilateral standing tasks, and quality of life in adults with chronic low back pain.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Answer to the Letter to the Editor of M. Hamza, et al. concerning "Association between lumbar paraspinal muscle activities and quality in chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional analysis" by Zhang T, Firouzabadi A, Becker L, et al. (Eur Spine J [2025]: doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-08727-x).European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Effects of experimentally induced lumbar nociception on trunk motor control in the rat during locomotion.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Association between lumbar paraspinal muscle activities and quality in chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Poor lumbar spine coordination in acute low back pain predicts persistent long-term pain and disability.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- The effects of a 12-week combined motor control exercise and isolated lumbar extension intervention on lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness in individuals with chronic low back pain.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Effect of aquatic exercise versus standard care on paraspinal and gluteal muscles morphology in individuals with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial protocol.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- An exploration of knowledge-organizing technologies to advance transdisciplinary back pain research.JOR spine · 2023Article
- The Effects of Combined Motor Control and Isolated Extensor Strengthening versus General Exercise on Paraspinal Muscle Morphology, Composition, and Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Back Muscle Dysfunctions in Chronic Low Back Pain: State-of-the-Art and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Delayed response in rectus abdominis muscle following a step perturbation in subjects with and without recurrent low back pain.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- Machine Learning Derived Lifting Techniques and Pain Self-Efficacy in People with Chronic Low Back Pain.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Pain Interference on Postural Control: From Experimental to Chronic Pain.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Symptomatic individuals with Lumbar Disc Degeneration use different anticipatory and compensatory kinematic strategies to asymptomatic controls in response to postural perturbation.Gait & posture · 2022Observational
- Article
- The reaction times and symmetry indices in the bilateral trunk and limb muscles in control subjects and subjects with low back pain that persisted two months or longer.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- Delayed Anticipatory Muscle Activation in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether LBP patients demonstrate signs of splinting by evaluating the reactions to unexpected mechanical perturbations in terms of (1) trunk muscle activity, (2) kinetic and (3) kinematic trunk responses and (4) estimated mechanical properties of the trunk.
methodsThe literature was systematically reviewed to identify studies that compared responses to mechanical trunk perturbations between LBP patients and healthy controls in terms of muscle activation, kinematics, kinetics, and/or mechanical properties. If more than four studies reported an outcome, the results of these studies were pooled.
resultsNineteen studies were included, of which sixteen reported muscle activation, five kinematic responses, two kinetic responses, and two estimated mechanical trunk properties. We found evidence of a longer response time of muscle activation, which would be in line with splinting behaviour in LBP. No signs of splinting behaviour were found in any of the other outcome measures.
conclusionsWe conclude that there is currently no convincing evidence for the presence of splinting behaviour in LBP patients, because we found no indications for splinting in terms of kinetic and kinematic responses to perturbation and derived mechanical properties of the trunk. Consistent evidence on delayed onsets of muscle activation in response to perturbations was found, but this may have other causes than splinting behaviour.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.