ArticleCureus2017
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Amongst Hypertensive Individuals in Karachi, Pakistan.
Article in Cureus, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic status and depression-a systematic review.Epidemiologic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of depressive disorders in people living with hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Undiagnosed Depression among Hypertensive Individuals in Gaza: A Cross-sectional Survey from Palestine.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression Among Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Vietnam.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mental health and hypertension: assessing the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their associated factors in a tertiary care population.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Self-reported depression and its risk factors among hypertensive patients, Morocco: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Depression and its associated factors among adult hypertensive patients attending follow-up in South Gondar zone public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2023.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association of depression and anxiety with uncontrolled hypertension: A cross-sectional study in Southwest Nigeria.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Construction of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for depression in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive people in China: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence of undiagnosed depression among patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study of Malaysian primary care perspective.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2023Article
- Magnitude and associated factors of depression among people with hypertension in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a hospital based cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Mental health of hypertensive patients and its association with their blood pressure in a rural area of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Anxiety and Depression among Hypertensive Adults in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Nepal.Psychiatry journal · 2022Article
- Depression and anxiety among people with hypertension on follow-up in Eastern Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Psychological Backgrounds of Medically Compromised Patients and Its Implication in Dentistry: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Depression and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients in primary health care centers in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Social capital, depressive symptoms, and perceived quality of care among hypertensive patients in primary care.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Article
- Relationships between Chronic Diseases and Depression among Middle-aged and Elderly People in China: A Prospective Study from CHARLS.Current medical science · 2020Article
- Physical Comorbidity and Health Literacy Mediate the Relationship Between Social Support and Depression Among Patients With Hypertension.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Magnitude and Associated Factors of Depression Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Treatment Follow Up in Chronic OPD at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia.Integrated blood pressure control · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWhile studies evaluating the prevalence of depression and hypertension have been extensively carried out in high income countries, there is a paucity of information assessing the prevalence of depression within hypertensive patients in low income nations. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed depression in hypertensive patients within a tertiary care facility in Karachi, Pakistan. The secondary objective was to assess factors associated with undiagnosed depression in this group.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital Karachi Outpatient Department from January 2017 to April 2017. The sample population was composed of 411 hypertensive patients. Interviews were conducted after taking informed consent, with data concerning basic demographic details and lifestyle habits gathered. Blood pressure was recorded and its severity was classified as per the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) guidelines. Depression was evaluated and its severity classified as per the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale, with a score of 10 or above set as the cut-off point. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23.0. (IBM, NY, USA).
resultsThe prevalence of depression within 411 hypertensive patients was 40.1% (
conclusionWith such a high prevalence rate of undiagnosed depression within hypertensive patients, it is pertinent to establish screening programs for early detection and community programs to raise awareness regarding long-term complications of untreated depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.