ReviewThe Psychiatric quarterly2018
Positive Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism on Cerebral Function: a Review.
Review in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multifactorial approaches to study bilingualism in the aging population: Past, present, future.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Does Multilingualism Shape Aging Equally Across Populations?Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Associations between music training and language fluency on cognitive control and processing speed.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Phonemic verbal fluency in non-WEIRD populations: Demographic differences in performance in the Controlled Oral Word Association Test-FAS.African journal of psychological assessment · 2024Article
- Multilingual Language Diversity Protects Native Language Production under Different Control Demands.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- An fMRI analysis of verbal and non-verbal working memory in people with a past history of opioid dependence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- False memory in a second language: The importance of controlling the knowledge of word meaning.PloS one · 2023Article
- Editorial: Multilingualism and neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Intraoperative Brain Mapping in Multilingual Patients: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going?Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Brain functional changes in perimenopausal women: an amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation study.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Do Bilinguals Outperform Monolinguals in Switching Tasks? Contrary Evidence for Nonlinguistic and Linguistic Switching Tasks.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Language Assessment in Multilingualism and Awake Neurosurgery.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Arabic version of the Hayling sentence completion test: scale validation, normative data and factors associated with executive functions in a sample of the Lebanese adults.Head & face medicine · 2020Article
- What Does Language Have to Do With It? The Impact of Age and Bilingual Experience on Inhibitory Control in an Auditory Dichotic Listening Task.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2020Article
- A Systematic Review on the Possible Relationship Between Bilingualism, Cognitive Decline, and the Onset of Dementia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Rates of Typical Disfluency in the Conversational Speech of 30-Month-Old Spanish-English Simultaneous Bilinguals.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A review of the current literature regarding bilingualism demonstrates that bilingualism is linked to higher levels of controlled attention and inhibition in executive control and can protect against the decline of executive control in aging by contributing to cognitive reserve. Bilinguals may also have smaller vocabulary size and slower lexical retrieval for each language. The joint activation theory is proposed to explain these results. Older trilingual adults experience more protection against cognitive decline and children and young adults showed similar cognitive advantages to bilinguals in inhibitory control. Second language learners do not yet show cognitive changes associated with multilingualism. The Specificity Principle states that the acquisition of multiple languages is moderated by multiple factors and varies between experiences. Bilingualism and multilingualism are both associated with immigration but different types of multilingualism can develop depending on the situation. Cultural cues and language similarity also play a role in language switching and multiple language acquisition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28895004What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.