ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2018
Morphology and relationships of the biceps brachii and brachialis with the musculocutaneous nerve.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nerve anastomoses in the upper limb: an up-to-date meta-analysis.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Pooled it
- Anatomical basis of the neurotization of the brachialis muscle to the extensor carpi radialis muscles to restore an active extension of the tetraplegic wrist.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- Bilateral quadricipital biceps brachii: a rare anatomical variation with clinical implications.Anatomy & cell biology · 2025Article
- Supernumerary Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle Influences the Topography of the Coracobrachialis and Biceps Brachii Muscles.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- An unreported innervation of the coracobrachialis longus by the radial nerve: a potential pitfall for clinicians.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
- Re-visiting the brachialis muscle: morphology, morphometry, gender diversity, and innervation.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMajor anatomical textbooks generally state that the biceps brachii muscle (BB) is composed of long and short heads, whereas the brachialis muscle (BR) consists of a single head. However, the numbers of heads comprising the BB and the BR are very variable. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the branching patterns of the musculocutaneous nerve (MC) influence the number of heads of the BB and the BR. MATERIALS AND
methodsMorphological examinations of the BB and MC were conducted using cadavers of 22 Japanese individuals, and morphological examinations of the BR and the MC were conducted in 9 of those 22 individuals.
resultsA three-headed BB was observed in 7 of the 22 specimens (31.8%). Most of these specimens showed a Type III branch pattern (after penetrating the long head or the short head, the MC innervated the supernumerary head or communicated with the main root again). The number of BR heads was categorized into three types: Type A, two heads (superficial and deep heads, 22.2%); Type B, three or four heads (two or three superficial heads and one deep head, 44.4%); and Type C, multiple heads (33.3%). Among these categories, branches of the MC in Type A specimens were most simple.
conclusionA supernumerary head of the BB seemed to be present if the MC penetrates it. The BR basically consists of superficial and deep heads, and the number of superficial heads is affected by branches of the MC.
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