ArticleEmergency (Tehran, Iran)2017
Blood Lead Levels in Asymptomatic Opium Addict Patients; a Case Control Study.
Article in Emergency (Tehran, Iran), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trace element levels: How Substance Use Disorder (SUD) contributes to the alteration of urinary essential and toxic element levels.PloS one · 2024Article
- Relationship between lead concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood and some neonatal outcomes in primiparous opium-dependent mothers in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran in 2022.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Lead poisoning among asymptomatic individuals with a long-term history of opiate use in Golestan Cohort Study.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Lead encephalopathy in an adult opioid abuser.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Blood lead level monitoring related to environmental exposure in the general Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Adult Lead Poisoning Caused by Contaminated Opium: A Two-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.Annals of global health · 2021Article
- Opium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a case-control studyTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Abdominal pain related to adulterated opium: An emerging issue in drug addicts.World journal of psychiatry · 2020Review
- Metal and bacterial contamination of illicit drugs.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2018Article
- Lead Toxicity due to Ingestion of Lead-Contaminated Opium in a Patient Presenting with Motor Neuropathy and Upper LimbSultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2018Article
- Occurrence of bacterial and toxic metals contamination in illegal opioid-like drugs in Iran: a significant health challenge in drug abusers.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2018Article
- Lead poisoning among opium users in Iran: an emerging health hazard.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOne of the newest non-occupational sources of lead contamination is drug addiction, which has recently been addressed as a major source of lead poisoning in some countries. The present study aimed to investigate the blood lead level (BLL) of asymptomatic opium addicts.
methodsThis case-control study was conducted during a one-year period to compare BLL of three groups consisting of opium addicts, patients under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT), and healthy individuals.
results99 participants with the mean age of 55.43±12.83 years were studied in three groups of 33 cases (53.5% male). The mean lead level in opium addicts, MMT and control groups were 80.30 ± 6.03 μg/L, 67.94 ± 4.42 μg/L, and 57.30±4.77 μg/L, respectively (p=0.008). There was no significant difference in BLL between MMT and healthy individuals (p=0.433) and also between opium addicts and MMT individuals (p=0.271).Oral opium abusers had significantly higher lead levels (p = 0.036). There was a significant correlation between BLL and duration of drug abuse in opium addict cases (r=0.398, p=0.022). The odds ratio of having BLL ≥ 100 in oral opium users was 2.1 (95% CI: 0.92 - 4.61; p = 0.43).
conclusionBased on the result of present study, when compared to healthy individuals, opium addicts, especially those who took substance orally had significantly higher levels of blood lead, and their odds of having BLL ≥ 100 was two times. Therefore, screening for BLL in opium addicts, particularly those with non-specific complaints, could be useful.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28894784PMC5585839W2624965039What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.