ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2017
Out-of-pocket expenditure for seeking health care for sick children younger than 5 years of age in Bangladesh: findings from cross-sectional surveys, 2009 and 2012.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early childhood growth patterns and malnutrition in rural Southern India: a longitudinal study of a birth cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Factors affecting out-of-pocket expenditures for chronic and acute illnesses in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2025Article
- Magnitude and trends in inequalities in healthcare-seeking behavior for pneumonia and mortality rate among under-five children in Bangladesh: Evidence from nationwide cross-sectional survey 2007 to 2017.Health science reports · 2023Article
- A qualitative assessment of facility readiness and barriers to the facility-based management of childhood severe acute malnutrition in the public healthcare settings in Bangladesh.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure and its predictors for illness of under-five children: A cross-sectional study in urban slums of Eastern India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Impact of free newborn care service package on out of pocket expenditure-evidence from a multicentric study in Nepal.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Inequalities in health care utilization for common illnesses among under five children in Bangladesh.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Out of Pocket Expenditure for Sick Newborn Care in Referral Hospitals of Nepal.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Activities, Challenges, and Suggestions.Psyche; a journal of entomology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBangladesh has committed to universal health coverage, and options to decrease household out-of-pocket expenditure (OPE) are being explored. Understanding the determinants of OPE is an essential step. This study aimed to estimate and identify determinants of OPE in seeking health care for sick under-five children.
methodsCross-sectional data was collected by structured questionnaire in 2009 (n = 7362) and 2012 (n = 6896) from mothers of the under-five children. OPE included consultation fees and costs of medicine, diagnostic tests, hospital admission, transport, accommodation, and food. Expenditure is expressed in US dollars and adjusted for inflation. Linear regression was used for ascertaining the determinants of OPE.
resultsBetween 2009 and 2012, the median OPE for seeking care for a sick under-five child increased by ~ 50%, from USD 0.82 (interquartile range 0.39-1.49) to USD 1.22 (0.63-2.36) per child/visit. Increases were observed in every component OPE measured, except for consultation fees which decreased by 12%. Medicine contributed the major portion of overall OPE. Higher overall OPE for care seeking was associated with a priority illness (20% increase), care from trained providers (90% public/~ 2-fold private), residing in hilly/wet lands areas (20%), and for mothers with a secondary education (19%).
conclusionOPE is a major barrier to quality health care services and access to appropriate medicine is increasing in rural Bangladesh. To support the goal of universal health care coverage, geographic imbalances as well as expanded health financing options need to be explored.
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