ArticlePsychiatry research. Neuroimaging2017
Depression in chronic ketamine users: Sex differences and neural bases.
Article in Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Changes Associated With Long-Term Ketamine Abuse, A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2022Pooled it
- Persistent neuropsychiatric dysfunction following chronic tiletamine-containing e-cigarette use: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Axis I Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Findings.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Astrocyte Activation, but not Microglia, Is Associated with the Experimental Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Chronic Ketamine.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2022Article
- Clinical and behavior characteristics of individuals who used ketamine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Brief Maternal Separation Inoculates Against the Effects of Social Stress on Depression-Like Behavior and Cocaine Reward in Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- In search of sex-related mediators of affective illness.Biology of sex differences · 2021Review
- Midcingulate Cortical Activations Interrelate Chronic Craving and Physiological Responses to Negative Emotions in Cocaine Addiction.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2021Article
- Development and Psychometric Properties of the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale in a Chinese Sample.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Effects of early ketamine exposure on cerebral gray matter volume and functional connectivity.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Threat bias and resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala and bed nucleus stria terminalis.Journal of psychiatric research · 2020Article
- A Review of Nonanesthetic Uses of Ketamine.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2020Review
- Mis-anaesthetized society: expectancies and recreational use of ketamine in Taiwan.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Sex differences in sub-anesthetic ketamine's antidepressant effects and abuse liability.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Rapid-Acting Antidepressants: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2018Article
- Exploring Age-Related Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala: From Young to Middle Adulthood.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- The amino acid metabolism pathway of peripheral T lymphocytes and ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like phenotype.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic ketamine use leads to cognitive and affective deficits including depression. Here, we examined sex differences and neural bases of depression in chronic ketamine users. Compared to non-drug using healthy controls (HC), ketamine-using females but not males showed increased depression score as assessed by the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We evaluated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a prefrontal structure consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Compared to HC, ketamine users (KU) did not demonstrate significant changes in sgACC connectivities at a corrected threshold. However, in KU, a linear regression against CES-D score showed less sgACC connectivity to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with increasing depression severity. Examined separately, male and female KU showed higher sgACC connectivity to bilateral superior temporal gyrus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), respectively, in correlation with depression. The linear correlation of sgACC-OFC and sgACC-dmPFC connectivity with depression was significantly different in slope between KU and HC. These findings highlighted changes in rsFC of the sgACC as associated with depression and sex differences in these changes in chronic ketamine users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.