ArticlePreventive medicine2018
Identifying principles for effective messages about chemicals in cigarette smoke.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized experimental test of a reduced-exposure message for an e-cigarette: comprehension and related misperceptions.Health education research · 2025Trial
- Developing ecolabels to encourage sustainable eating in restaurants: A randomized experiment.PloS one · 2025Trial
- How Do Behavioral Framing, Linguistic Certainty, and Target Specification Impact Responses to Vaping Prevention Messages?Journal of health communication · 2024Trial
- Youth and adult understanding of public displays of information about harmful constituents in cigarette smoke.Preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Comparison of Message and Effects Perceptions forHealth communication · 2021Trial
- Designing warnings for sugary drinks: A randomized experiment with Latino parents and non-Latino parents.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect of Cigarette Constituent Messages With Engagement Text on Intention to Quit Smoking Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- How should sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings be designed? A randomized experiment.Preventive medicine · 2019Trial
- Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2019Trial
- Messages About Tobacco and Alcohol Co-Users.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying promising themes and messages for youth vaping prevention: A national study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Cannabis use among adolescents and emerging adults who use e-cigarettes: Findings from an online, national U.S. Sample.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Preferences, use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes among United States adolescents and young adults.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Awareness of and reactions to health and environmental harms of red meat among parents in the United States.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Mindfulness and Mobile Health for Quitting Smoking: A Qualitative Study Among Predominantly African American Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status.American journal of qualitative research · 2022Article
- Message perceptions and effects perceptions as proxies for behavioral impact in the context of anti-smoking messages.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Awareness of and reactions to the health harms of sugary drinks: An online study of U.S. parents.Appetite · 2021Article
- Incremental criterion validity of message perceptions and effects perceptions in the context of anti-smoking messages.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- The Impact of Public Health Organization and Political Figure Message Sources on Reactions to Coronavirus Prevention Messages.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
US law requires the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to disclose information on harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke (i.e., constituents) to the public. To inform this effort, we sought to identify principles for creating constituent messages that effectively discourage smoking. Participants were an online convenience sample of 1148 US smokers ages 18+. We developed a library of 76 messages about constituents only and constituents plus contextualizing information (i.e., toxic products that also contain the chemical, health effects, or both). We randomized smokers to receive 1 message from each of 7 message panels in a mixed between-/within-subjects experiment. Participants rated each message on perceived message effectiveness. Results indicated that smokers perceived messages about arsenic, formaldehyde, lead, uranium, and ammonia as more effective than messages about nitrosamines. Messages that contained information on toxic products, health effects, or both received higher effectiveness ratings than constituent-only messages. Among constituent-only messages, those that referenced multiple constituents received higher effectiveness ratings than those with fewer constituents. We conclude that chemical messages may have more impact if they pair known constituents with toxic product or health effect information. These message principles can be used to inform studies examining the impact of constituent messages on smoking beliefs and behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.