SynthesisJournal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association2017
Small Vessel Disease and Dietary Salt Intake: Cross-Sectional Study and Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- European stroke organisation (ESO) guideline on cerebral small vessel disease, part 2, lacunar ischaemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2024Guideline
- Impact of High Dietary Salt on Neurovascular and Cognitive Functions.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Dietary sodium, table salt use, and specific depressive symptoms: cross-sectional associations in NHANES and an independent Chinese clinical cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Neutrophil stalling does not mediate the increase in tau phosphorylation and the cognitive impairment associated with high salt diet.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Healthy dietary intake diminishes the effect of cerebral small vessel disease on cognitive performance in older adults.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Analysis of the association between dietary sodium intake and cognitive function: a NHANES-based machine learning study and animal experimental validation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Leukoaraiosis: Epidemiology, Imaging, Risk Factors, and Management of Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities.Journal of stroke · 2024Review
- Dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment in older patients with hypertension: Data from NHANES 2011-2014.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Excessive salt intake accelerates the progression of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Sodium intake and the risk of various types of cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cerebrovascular health: a multimodal imaging study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Rationale and design of a longitudinal study of cerebral small vessel diseases, clinical and imaging outcomes in patients presenting with mild ischaemic stroke: Mild Stroke Study 3.European stroke journal · 2021Article
- Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the risk of adverse outcomes.Annals of medicine · 2020Observational
- Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension-An Update about the Role of a Real Villain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- The Predictive Value of Salt Sensitivity and Osmotic Fragility in the Development of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) - Lessons From the Animal Models.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Hypertension, dietary salt and cognitive impairment.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher dietary salt intake increases the risk of stroke and may increase white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. We hypothesized that a long-term higher salt intake may be associated with other features of small vessel disease (SVD).
methodsWe recruited consecutive patients with mild stroke presenting to the Lothian regional stroke service. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging, obtained a basic dietary salt history, and measured the urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. We also carried out a systematic review to put the study in the context of other studies in the field.
resultsWe recruited 250 patients, 112 with lacunar stroke and 138 with cortical stroke, with a median age of 67.5 years. After adjustment for risk factors, including age and hypertension, patients who had not reduced their salt intake in the long term were more likely to have lacunar stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-3.29), lacune(s) (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.09-3.99), microbleed(s) (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.54, 8.21), severe WMHs (OR, 2.45; 95% CI 1.34-4.57), and worse SVD scores (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.22-3.9). There was limited association between SVD and current salt intake or urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. Our systematic review found no previously published studies of dietary salt and SVD.
conclusionThe association between dietary salt and background SVD is a promising indication of a potential neglected contributory factor for SVD. These results should be replicated in larger, long-term studies using the recognized gold-standard measures of dietary sodium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.