ArticleSaudi medical journal2017
Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia.
Article in Saudi medical journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare-Seeking Behaviour by Applying a Difference-in-Differences Method to Syndromic Surveillance Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- From Mass to Molecules: PMToxics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported asthma diagnosis in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia.Medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Household Environmental Conditions on Residents' Health in the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Differential effects of fine particulate matter constituents on acute coronary syndrome onset.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Children and Adolescents in Rabigh, Western Saudi Arabia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.Respiratory research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess cardiopulmonary morbidity associated with daily exposures to PM2.5 in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We monitored 24-h PM2.5 and its constituents including black carbon (BC), particulate sulfate (p-SO42-), nitrate (p-NO3-), ammonium (p-NH4+) and trace elements (TEs) at a site in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia from May to June 2013 with simultaneous collection of hospital data (N=2513). Cardiopulmonary morbidity risk was determined in a generalized linear time-series model. Results: Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 7.6% (p=0.056) increase in risk of respiratory disease (RD) in females. Black carbon increased RD morbidity risk by 68.1% (p=0.056) in females. Exposure to p-SO42- increased the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by up to 5.3% (p=0.048) in males; and RD by 2.9% (p=0.037) in females and 2.5% (p=0.022) in males. The p-NH4+ increased CVD risk by up to 20.3% (p=0.033) in males; and RD by 10.7% (p=0.014) in females and 8% (p=0.031) in males. No statistically significant association was observed for p-NO3- and TEs exposure. Conclusion: Overall, results show an increased risk for cardiopulmonary morbidity following exposure to air pollution.
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